Table 1.
Mother–Infant Dyad Characteristics According to Maternal Race and Birth Country (Weighted %)
| Characteristic | Overall (N = 2,050) | U.S.-born White (N = 1,222) | U.S.-born Black (N = 689) | Foreign-born Black (N = 139) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 2,050 | 1,222 (79.6%) | 689 (16.8%) | 139 (3.6%) |
| Social factors | ||||
| Mother/partner served as primary caretakers | 1,616 (84.6%) | 1,093 (89.8%) | 437 (64.5%) | 86 (63.4%) |
| Employed outside the home before giving birth | 1,274 (63.6%) | 806 (64.8%) | 386 (58.6%) | 82 (60.3%) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 1,029 (59.4%) | 827 (67.9%) | 142 (21.6%) | 60 (47.2%) |
| Never married | 912 (35.7%) | 337 (27.4%) | 508 (73.0%) | 67 (44.8%) |
| Sep./Div./widowed | 104 (4.9%) | 57 (4.7%) | 36 (5.3%) | 11 (8.0%) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| Less than high school | 175 (7.6%) | 72 (6.2%) | 86 (12.7%) | 17 (13.0%) |
| High school or GED | 501 (21.7%) | 226 (19.1%) | 225 (31.4%) | 50 (33.0%) |
| Some college | 711 (34.0%) | 398 (32.9%) | 276 (40.5%) | 37 (28.6%) |
| College or more | 652 (36.8%) | 519 (41.8%) | 98 (15.3%) | 35 (25.4%) |
| Household income | ||||
| <$20,000 | 681 (26.3%) | 251 (20.1%) | 363 (51.5%) | 67 (46.4%) |
| $20,000–49,999 | 466 (22.2%) | 256 (21.6%) | 175 (24.3%) | 35 (25.2%) |
| ≥ $50,000 | 398 (22.2%) | 292 (24.3%) | 87 (13.7%) | 19 (14.5%) |
| Unknown | 505 (29.3%) | 423 (33.9%) | 64 (10.4%) | 18 (13.9%) |
| Enrolled in WIC | 1,092 (45.1%) | 434 (36.2%) | 552 (80.6%) | 106 (76.5%) |
| Any smoking during pregnancy | 372 (20.2%) | 260 (22.1%) | 111 (15.3%) | 1 (0.7%) |
| Used books for infant care information | 1,131 (59.5%) | 784 (63.5%) | 284 (43.5%) | 63 (43.3%) |
| Used internet for infant care information | 1,461 (76.3%) | 983 (80.6%) | 398 (60.1%) | 80 (55.5%) |
| Maternal factors | ||||
| Maternal age (years) | ||||
| <20 | 163 (6.6%) | 62 (5.2%) | 92 (13.1%) | 9 (6.6%) |
| 20–29 | 1,159 (53.3%) | 654 (51.8%) | 442 (63.1%) | 63 (42.2%) |
| 30+ | 728 (40.1%) | 506 (43.0%) | 155 (23.8%) | 67 (51.2%) |
| Parity | ||||
| 1 | 818 (40.2%) | 505 (40.8%) | 258 (37.6%) | 55 (39.1%) |
| 2 | 683 (33.9%) | 424 (34.6%) | 211 (30.5%) | 48 (33.9%) |
| 3+ | 545 (25.9%) | 292 (24.6%) | 217 (31.9%) | 36 (27.0%) |
| Infant factors | ||||
| Infant age at survey (weeks) | ||||
| 8–11 | 1,310 (66.6%) | 864 (70.5%) | 369 (51.2%) | 77 (51.3%) |
| 12–15 | 301 (14.6%) | 167 (13.7%) | 106 (17.1%) | 28 (21.5%) |
| 16–19 | 186 (8.2%) | 85 (7.2%) | 88 (12.7%) | 13 (10.8%) |
| 20+ | 253 (10.6%) | 106 (8.6%) | 126 (19.0%) | 21 (16.4%) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1,035 (50.0%) | 612 (49.6%) | 347 (51.1%) | 76 (54.1%) |
| Female | 1,011 (50.0%) | 608 (50.4%) | 340 (48.9%) | 63 (45.9%) |
| Birthweight (g) | ||||
| <2500 | 141 (5.9%) | 65 (5.0%) | 66 (10.3%) | 10 (5.5%) |
| ≥2500 | 1,902 (94.1%) | 1,154 (95.0%) | 619 (89.7%) | 129 (94.5%) |
| Theory of planned behavior domains | ||||
| Attitudes | ||||
| Positive | 1,842 (89.7%) | 1,093 (89.3%) | 613 (89.4%) | 136 (99.2%) |
| Negative | 203 (10.3%) | 126 (10.7%) | 75 (10.6%) | 2 (0.8%) |
| Perceived control | ||||
| Positive | 1,907 (92.9%) | 1,125 (92.4%) | 646 (94.3%) | 136 (99.0%) |
| Negative | 138 (7.1%) | 94 (7.6%) | 42 (5.7%) | 2 (1.0%) |
| Subjective norms | ||||
| Positive | 1,331 (63.6%) | 778 (63.0%) | 431 (61.5%) | 122 (86.0%) |
| Negative | 715 (36.4%) | 441 (37.0%) | 257 (38.5%) | 17 (14.0%) |
GED, General Education Development; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.