Table 3.

Alcohol – Programs that included an alcohol prevention and/or management component

Program name or publication title References	Setting	Participants	S	N	A	P	So	Outcomes assessed?	Program brief
An Alcohol Prevention Program for Aboriginal Children 22 (Barber, Walsh et al 1988)	RA4 – Qld School Setting	Year 7 school children			✓			✓	Community developed lesson plans which were delivered by school teachers. The program was divided in to eight lessons that focused on the misuse of alcohol and promoting healthy choices and behaviours.
Community Approach to Drug Abuse Prevention 47 (Fisher and van der Heide 1987)	Community Setting	Young Aboriginal people at risk of alcohol abuse			✓				Aboriginal workers are assisted to develop programs specifically tailored to their communities. Activities include teaching community members about teamwork, health promotion, community development and planning for action.
Aboriginal Women's Group 58 (Lee, Dawson and Conigrave 2013)	RA1 – NSW PHC and Outpatient Hospital Settings	Aboriginal female clients of an outpatient alcohol and drug treatment service			✓			✓	A group of women who attended a drug and alcohol clinic met up to discuss support and develop personal skills.
Central Australian Aboriginal Alcohol Programs Unit – Grog Action Plan 73 (Miller 1995)	Multiple RA Zones – NT Community and School Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people			✓			✓	Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and treatment programs including school‐based education programs, Men's and Women's day care program, outreach awareness programs, men's, women's and children's evening program. Local communities are also encouraged to develop their own Grog Action Plans.
When You Think About It 86 (Sheehan, Schonfeld et al 1995)	RA3 – Qld School Setting	Aboriginal High School Students			✓			✓	Educating students on what constituted responsible drinking in order to reduce drinking driving by Queensland high school students. The program consisted of six lessons accompanied by handbook guided classes with teachers.
The Waringarri Project 32 (Chisholm 1989)	RA4 – WA Community and School setting	Aboriginal community members			✓		✓		Trained staff implemented psycho‐social method of targeting individuals in crisis and using community development strategies to overcome the crisis, also established self‐help groups and introducing alcohol concepts into schools
Gut Busters 43 (Egger, Fisher et al 1999)	RA5 – QLD Community Setting	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men		✓	✓	✓		✓	Program run on four remote islands targeting four major lifestyle risk factors; reducing fat intake; increasing dietary fibre; increasing daily movement and changing “obesogenic” habits. The program encourages long‐term lifestyle changes including moderate use of alcohol and moderate‐intensity accumulated activity. Regular planned walking groups occurred on two islands.
Strong Women, Strong Babies, Strong Culture Program 36 , 44 , 45 , 60 (d'Espaignet, Measey et al 2003, Fejo 1994, Fejo and Rae 1996, Mackerras 2001)	Multiple communities ‐–NT Community and PHC Settings	Pregnant Women	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	Women within Aboriginal communities help other Aboriginal women prepare for pregnancy by working together with nutritionists, community‐based health workers, local schools and other women in the community.
Karalundi Peer Support and Skills Training Program 52 (Gray, Sputore et al 1998)	RA5 – WA School Setting	Primary, high school and TAFE students aged 10‐20 y	✓		✓		✓	✓	Ten programs aimed at: developing students' interpersonal, problem‐solving and decision‐making skills; quit smoking; drug; alcohol and petrol sniffing education; sex education, arts and crafts, general health promotion; eye, ear and nose care and the use of natural medicines.
National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Prevention Strategy ‐ Reducing Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption in Pregnancy 53 (Hayward, Scrine et al 2008)	RA1 – QLD Community and PHC Settings	Pregnant women	✓		✓			✓	Community to inform about the dangers of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome. The program also included a resource kit for health to integrate brief interventions for smoking and alcohol use into their clinical practice.
Malabar Community Midwifery Link Service 54 (Homer, Foureur et al 2012)	RA 1 – NSW PHC Setting	Pregnant Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women and non‐Indigenous women having an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander baby	✓		✓		✓	✓	A unique model of antenatal care that addresses stress, smoking and alcohol consumption in pregnancy along with other care.
Deadly Choices Program 61 , 62 (Malseed, Nelson et al 2014, Malseed, Nelson et al 2014)	RA 1 – QLD School Setting	High school students Grade 7‐12	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	Seven‐week physical activity and education program. Education components included leadership, chronic disease, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, harmful substances and health services. Health checks were also facilitated.
Watharoung Koori Youth Prevention Programs 74 (Milward 2009)	RA1 – Vic Community Setting	Aboriginal Youth			✓	✓	✓		A variety of programs in partnership with other organisations to prevention the use of alcohol and other drugs. The programs are designed to empower youth, strengthen individual Koori identity and learn more about their culture through camps, surfing competitions and an AFL football program.
Wadja Warriors Healthy Weight Program and the Injury Protection Project 88 (Smith 2002)	RA 4 – QLD Community Setting	Men from the local football team and other interested men in community	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	Injury Prevention Project to reduce on‐ and off‐field violence including family violence and alcohol and drug use to reduce a major cause of injury: broken glass. Program developed to include a lifestyle program promoting good nutrition and physical activity and teaching skills that are required for making healthy changes.
WuChopperen Drug Alcohol and Other Substances program 90 (Strempel and Australian National Council on Drugs 2004)	RA 1‐3 – QLD Community and PHC Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth	✓		✓		✓	✓	Provides counselling and support for young people in areas of physical, social and emotional health, and coordinates and delivers alcohol and other drug education to staff and health facilitators.
The COACH (Coaching patients On Achieving Cardiovascular Health) program (TCP) 87 , 98 , 99 (Ski, Vale et al 2015, Vale, Jelinek et al 2003, Vale, Jelinek et al 2002.)	Multiple RA zones QLD Telephone and postal	Patients with Chronic Disease (CD) or at high risk of CD	✓	✓	✓			✓	A standardised coaching program delivered by registered nurses targeting CD patients and those at risk of CD, delivered by telephone and mail‐out. Coaches educate, advise and encourage patients to close the “treatment gaps” and achieve guideline‐recommended risk factor targets whilst working with their usual doctor(s).

Abbreviations: A, alcohol; AFL, Australian Football League; CD, chronic disease; N, nutrition; NSW, New South Wales; NT, Northern Territory; P, physical activity; PHC, Primary Health Care; QLD, Queensland; RA, remote area; S, smoking; So, social and emotional wellbeing; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia.