Table 5.

Social and emotional wellbeing – Programs that included a social and emotional wellbeing component

Program name or publication title References	Setting	Participants	S	N	A	P	So	Outcomes assessed?	Program brief
Aboriginal Girls Circle 39 (Dobia, Bodkin‐Andrews et al 2014)	RA 2 – NSW School Setting	Aboriginal girls attending secondary schools.					✓	✓	An intervention targeting social connection, participation, resilience, cultural identity and self confidence amongst Aboriginal girls attending secondary schools.
Yarrabah's Yaba Bimbie Men's Group and Ma'Ddaimba Balas men's group 67 , 69 (McCalman, Baird et al 2007, McCalman, Tsey et al 2010)	RA 3 – QLD Community Setting	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men					✓	✓	Men's groups that has a multilevel empowerment framework addressing social and emotional wellbeing, linked with the Family Empowerment Program
The Family Wellbeing Program 68 , 71 (McEwan, Tsey et al 2009, McCalman, McEwan et al 2010)	RA 3 – Qld and RA 4 – NT Community Setting	Aboriginal adults from two regions					✓	✓	An educational program that builds communication, problem‐solving, conflict resolution and other necessary skills to enable individuals to take greater control and responsibility for family, work and community life.
Yanan Ngurra‐ngu Walalja – The Halls Creek Community Family Programme 77 (Munns 2010)	RA 5 – WA Community Setting	Antenatal clients and all parents with children aged 0‐3 y					✓	✓	A comprehensive home visiting strategy with a holistic focus on the family's child rearing environment, recognising psychosocial influences. This program also assisted parents to develop strategies to address their children's physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioural, educational and language development, along with general health and nutritional needs for the children and the whole family.
Kulintja Nganampa Maa‐kunpuntjaku (Strengthening Our Thinking) 79 (Osborne 2013)	RA 5 – SA Community and School Settings	School aged children					✓	✓	Mind matters social and emotional wellbeing program adapted for use in Anangu schools.
Voices United for Harmony 91 , 92 , 93 (Sun and Buys 2012, Sun and Buys 2013, Sun and Buys 2013)	Unidentified communities – QLD Community and PHC Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults					✓	✓	Twelve‐month‐old singing program with weekly 2‐h sessions and monthly performances led by skilled experienced singing group leaders.
Family Wellbeing Personal Development and Empowerment Program 97 (Tsey, Whiteside et al 2005)	RA 5 – Qld School Settings	Indigenous school children					✓	✓	A group program that helps children develop analytical and problem‐solving skills, thereby enhancing their psychosocial development. Program delivered by three out‐reach staff (two of whom were Indigenous) over 12 1‐h sessions, every 2‐3 wks over two school terms.
Family Wellbeing Course 94 , 95 , 96 (Tsey 2000, Tsey and Every 2000, Tsey and Every 2001)	RA 4 – NT Community and School Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families					✓	✓	Family Wellbeing course aims to empower participants and their families to assume a greater control over the conditions influencing their lives. It places particular emphasis on parenting and relationship skills. Four stages of the course, each runs for 10 wks with one 4‐h session per week by trained counsellors.
Spring into Shape Program 109 (Aboriginal Health Medical Research Council of New South Wales 2009)	RA 2 – NSW PHC Setting	Not specified		✓		✓	✓		Exercise and nutrition program to promote healthy lifestyle change and manage stress in a better way. Wide range of physical activities occur with nutrition education sessions. Fruit and vegetable boxes provided for the cost of $5 including recipes.
Building Healthy Communities Project 112 (Aboriginal Health Medical Research Council of New South Wales 2009)	RA 4 – NSW PHC Setting	Aboriginal community members including children		✓		✓	✓		Multiple components. Nutrition and cooking classes through “Quick Meals for Kooris” program. Community vegetable garden was established, the walking track was upgraded and a range of physical activity sessions. Women's self‐ esteem classes, craft and jewellery making classes were also part of the project.
The Waringarri Project 32 (Chisholm 1989)	RA 4 – WA Community and School setting	Aboriginal community members			✓		✓		Trained staff implemented psycho‐social method of targeting individuals in crisis and using community development strategies to overcome the crisis, also established self‐help groups and introducing alcohol concepts into schools
“Step up to health” –Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre (TAC) Rehabilitation Program 35 (Davey, Moore et al 2014)	RA 2 –TAS PHC Setting, Private Physiotherapy Practice and outdoors	Adult Aboriginal people diagnosed with COPD, IHD, or CHF and people with at least two risk factors for developing CVD	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	Two 1‐h supervised exercise sessions and one, 1‐h educational session per week for 8 wks. Sessions promoted self‐management approaches, cardiovascular and respiratory health, benefits of exercise, shopping, cooking and eating healthy food, medication, stress and psychological wel‐lbeing, and smoking cessation.
Heart Health – For Our People By Our People 37 , 38 (Dimer, Jones et al 2010, Dimer, Dowling et al 2013)	RA 1 – WA PHC Setting	Patients with CVD or at high risk of CVD	✓	✓			✓	✓	A cardiovascular disease (CVD) management program involving assessment and reassessment, provision of health information and an individualised program including motivational and education sessions; diet and nutrition; risk factor modification (including smoking cessation); managing stress and emotion (with referral for counselling when indicated); benefits of physical activity; diabetes management and medication usage.
Birth to Elders Nutrition Program 41 , 42 (Edwards 2004, Edwards 2005)	RA 3 and 5 – SA Community, Child Care Centres, PHC and School Settings	Aboriginal community members		✓		✓	✓	✓	Multiple community‐based social and emotional wellbeing activities, providing health paraphernalia to communities, including nutritional education, and physical health interventions such as indoor little athletics and sports events.
Strong Women, Strong Babies, Strong Culture Program 36 , 44 , 45 , 60 (d'Espaignet, Measey et al 2003, Fejo 1994, Fejo and Rae 1996, Mackerras 2001)	Multiple communities – NT Community and PHC Settings	Pregnant Women	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	Women within Aboriginal communities help other Aboriginal women prepare for pregnancy by working together with nutritionists, community‐based health workers, local schools and other women in the community.
Waminda's Wellbeing Program 46 (Firth, Crook et al 2012)	RA2 – NSW Community Setting	Predominately Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, including non‐Indigenous women	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	Pilot program that evolved into intensive programs. Multiple components: exercise sessions; community gardens; cooking healthy meals; smoking cessation; health and wellbeing camps.
Karalundi Peer Support and Skills Training Program 52 (Gray, Sputore et al 1998)	RA5 – WA School Setting	Primary, high school and TAFE students aged 10‐20 y.	✓		✓		✓	✓	Ten programs aimed at: developing students' interpersonal, problem‐solving and decision‐making skills; quit smoking; drug; alcohol and petrol sniffing education; sex education, arts and crafts, general health promotion; eye, ear and nose care and the use of natural medicines.
Malabar Community Midwifery Link Service 54 (Homer, Foureur et al 2012)	RA1 – NSW PHC Setting	Pregnant Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander women and non‐Indigenous women having an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander baby	✓		✓		✓	✓	A unique model of antenatal care that addresses stress, smoking and alcohol consumption in pregnancy along with other care.
Watharoung Koori Youth Prevention Programs 74 (Milward 2009)	RA1 – Vic Community Setting	Aboriginal Youth			✓	✓	✓		A variety of programs in partnership with other organisations to prevention the use of alcohol and other drugs. The programs are designed to empower youth, strengthen individual Koori identity and learn more about their culture through camps, surfing competitions and an AFL football program.
The Chronic Disease Self‐Management Project 75 (Mobbs, Nguyen et al 2003)	RA5 – NT Community and PHC Settings	Patients previously diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension with or without renal involvement	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	Self‐care program to develop skills including changing behaviour; smoking, nutrition, physical activity and weight loss. Building family and community healthy lifestyle infrastructure using community empowerment framework. Production of local resources (booklets and videos) including HP messages. Establishment of women's healthy weight groups, walking groups and tobacco action initiative.
Awareness and Self‐Management Programme 81 (Payne 2013)	RA3 – QLD Community Setting	Women with type 2 diabetes or identified has having an elevated risk of developing disease.		✓			✓	✓	Support groups involving information sessions on self‐management strategies; grief and loss; health ownership and concepts of shared knowledge; and diet and exercise.
Indigenous Surf Programs 85 (Rynne, Rossi et al 2012)	Multiple RAs – NSW, QLD, Vic and SA Community and School Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (three sites focused on youth)				✓	✓	✓	Five surfing programs across four states. Aim to foster connection to culture, identity, promote physical activity and social connection.
WuChopperen Drug Alcohol and Other Substances program 90 (Strempel and Australian National Council on Drugs 2004)	RA 1‐3 – QLD Community and PHC Settings	Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth	✓		✓		✓	✓	Provides counselling and support for young people in areas of physical, social and emotional health, and coordinates and delivers alcohol and other drug education to staff and health facilitators.

Abbreviations: A, alcohol; AFL, Australian Football League; CHF, chronic heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive heart failure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; IHD ischaemic heart disease; N, nutrition; NSW, New South Wales; NT, Northern Territory; P, physical activity; PHC, Primary Health Care; QLD, Queensland; RA, remote area; S, smoking; SA, South Australia; So, social and emotional wellbeing; TAFE Technical and Further Education; TAS, Tasmania; VIC, Victoria; WA, Western Australia.