TABLE 3.
PICOS questions addressed by each Systematic Review
| Reference | Systematic review title | Final PICOS (as written in manuscripts) |
|---|---|---|
| Suvan et al. (2019) | Subgingival Instrumentation for Treatment of Periodontitis. A Systematic Review. | #1. In patients with periodontitis, what is the efficacy of subgingival instrumentation performed with hand or sonic/ultrasonic instruments in comparison with supragingival instrumentation or prophylaxis in terms of clinical and patient reported outcomes? |
| #2. In patients with periodontitis, what is the efficacy of nonsurgical subgingival instrumentation performed with sonic/ultrasonic instruments compared to subgingival instrumentation performed with hand instruments or compared to the subgingival instrumentation performed with a combination of hand and sonic/ultrasonic instruments in terms of clinical and patient‐reported outcomes? | ||
| #3. In patients with periodontitis, what is the efficacy of full mouth delivery protocols (within 24 hr) in comparison with quadrant or sextant wise delivery of subgingival mechanical instrumentation in terms of clinical and patient‐reported outcomes? | ||
| Salvi et al. (2019) | Adjunctive laser or antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to non‐surgical mechanical instrumentation in patients with untreated periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. | #1. In patients with untreated periodontitis, does laser application provide adjunctive effects to non‐surgical mechanical instrumentation alone? |
| #2. In patients with untreated periodontitis, does application of a PTD provide adjunctive effects to non‐surgical mechanical instrumentation alone? | ||
| Donos et al. (2019) | The adjunctive use of host modulators in non‐surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review of randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical studies | In patients with periodontitis, what is the efficacy of adding host modulating agents instead of placebo to NSPT in terms of probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction? |
| Sanz‐Sanchez et al. (2020) | Efficacy of access flaps compared to subgingival debridement or to different access flap approaches in the treatment of periodontitis. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. | #1. In patients with periodontitis (population), how effective are access flaps (intervention) as compared to subgingival debridement (comparison) in attaining PD reduction (primary outcome)? |
| #2. In patients with periodontitis (population), does the type of access flaps (intervention and control) impact PD reduction (primary outcome)? | ||
| Polak et al. (2020) | The Efficacy of Pocket Elimination/Reduction Surgery Vs. Access Flap: A Systematic Review | In adult patients with periodontitis after initial non‐surgical cause‐related therapy and residual PPD of 5 mm or more, what is the efficacy of pocket elimination/reduction surgery in comparison with access flap surgery? |
| Teughels et al. (2020) | Adjunctive effect of systemic antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. | In patients with periodontitis, which is the efficacy of adjunctive systemic antimicrobials, in comparison with subgingival debridement plus a placebo, in terms of probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, in randomized clinical trials with at least 6 months of follow‐up. |
| Herrera et al. (2020) | Adjunctive effect of locally delivered antimicrobials in periodontitis therapy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. | In adult patients with periodontitis, which is the efficacy of adjunctive locally delivered antimicrobials, in comparison with subgingival debridement alone or plus a placebo, in terms of probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction, in randomized clinical trials with at least 6 months of follow‐up. |
| Nibali et al. (2019) | Regenerative surgery versus access flap for the treatment of intra‐bony periodontal defects: A systematic review and meta‐analysis | #1. Does regenerative surgery of intraosseous defects provide additional clinical benefits measured as Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) reduction, Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) gain, Recession (Rec) and Bone Gain (BG) in periodontitis patients compared with access flap? |
| #2. Is there a difference among regenerative procedures in terms of clinical and radiographic gains in intrabony defects? | ||
| Jepsen et al. (2019) | Regenerative surgical treatment of furcation defects: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials | #1. What is the efficacy of regenerative periodontal surgery in terms of tooth loss, furcation conversion and closure, horizontal clinical attachment level (HCAL) and bone level (HBL) gain as well as other periodontal parameters in teeth affected by periodontitis‐related furcation defects, at least 12 months after surgery? |
| #2. NM: to establish a ranking in efficacy of the treatment options and to identify the best surgical technique. | ||
| Dommisch et al. (2020) | Resective surgery for the treatment of furcation involvement: A systematic review | What is the benefit of resective surgical periodontal therapy (i.e. root amputation or resection, root separation, tunnel preparation) in (I) subjects with periodontitis who have completed a cycle of non‐surgical periodontal therapy and exhibit Class II and III furcation involvement (P) compared to individuals suffering from periodontitis and exhibiting class II and III furcation involvement not being treated with resective surgical periodontal therapy but were not treated at all, treated exclusively by subgingival debridement or access flap surgery (C) with respect to 1) tooth survival (primary outcome), 2) vertical probing attachment (PAL‐V) gain and 3) reduction of probing pocket depth (PPD) (secondary outcomes) (O) evidenced by randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies and case series with at least 12 months of follow‐up (survival, PAL‐V, PPD) (S), respectively. |
| Slot et al. (2020) | Mechanical plaque removal of periodontal maintenance patients: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis | #1. In periodontal maintenance patients, what is the effect on plaque removal and parameters of periodontal health of the following: Power toothbrushes as compared to manual toothbrushes? |
| #2. In periodontal maintenance patients, what is the effect on plaque removal and parameters of periodontal health of the following: Interdental oral hygiene devices compared to no interdental cleaning as adjunct to toothbrushing? | ||
| #3. In periodontal maintenance patients, what is the effect on plaque removal and parameters of periodontal health of the following: Different interdental cleaning devices as adjuncts to toothbrushing | ||
| Carra et al. (2020) | Promoting behavioural changes to improve oral hygiene in patients with periodontal diseases: a systematic review of the literature. | What is the efficacy of behavioural interventions aimed to promote OH in patients with periodontal diseases (gingivitis/periodontitis), in improving clinical plaque and bleeding indices? |
| Ramseier et al. (2020) | Impact of risk factor control interventions for smoking cessation and promotion of healthy lifestyles in patients with periodontitis: a systematic review | What is the efficacy of health behaviour change interventions for smoking cessation, diabetes control, physical exercise (activity), change of diet, carbohydrate (dietary sugar) reduction and weight loss provided in patients with periodontitis?“. |
| Figuero, Roldan, et al. (2019) | Efficacy of adjunctive therapies in patients with gingival inflammation. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. | In systemically healthy humans with dental plaque‐induced gingival inflammation (with or without attachment loss, but excluding untreated periodontitis patients), what is the efficacy of agents used adjunctively to mechanical plaque control (either self‐performed or professionally delivered), as compared to mechanical plaque control combined with a negative control, in terms of changes in gingival inflammation (through gingivitis or bleeding indices)? |
| Trombelli et al. (2020) | Efficacy of alternative or additional methods to professional mechanical plaque removal during supportive periodontal therapy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis | #1. What is the efficacy of alternative methods to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) on progression of attachment loss during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in periodontitis patients? |
| #2. What is the efficacy of additional methods to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) on progression of attachment loss during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) in periodontitis patients? |