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. 2020 Aug 12;127(2):143–152. doi: 10.1111/bju.15146

Table 5.

The risk of bias and quality of evidence for all RCTs included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Study Risk of the bias domains
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Overall
Dellabella et al. (2018) [9] graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg
Li et al. (2014) [10] graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g005.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg
Singh et al. (2009) [11] graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g005.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g005.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g006.jpg graphic file with name BJU-127-143-g005.jpg

Domains:

D1: Bias arising from the randomization process.

D2: Bias due to deviations from independent intervention.

D3: Bias due to missing outcome data.

D4: Bias in measurement of the outcome.

D5: Bias in selection of the reported results.

Judgement:

Inline graphic, Some concerns.

Inline graphic, Low.