TABLE 3.
Prevalence and accuracy of ICD‐10 SE codes for postpartum hemorrhage with estimated blood loss >1000 mL as reference standard, stratified by maternal and obstetric characteristics and by calendar year. Data from the Swedish Pregnancy Register (2014‐2019)
| Characteristics | PPH prevalence (95% CI) | Sensitivity (95% CI) | Specificity (95% CI) | PPV (95% CI) | NPV (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All deliveries | 7.1 (7.0‐7.2) | 88.5 (88.2‐88.7) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.4) | 92.0 (91.8‐92.3) | 99.1 (99.1‐99.1) |
| Age (years) | |||||
| <30 | 6.4 (6.3‐6.5) | 88.4 (87.9‐88.9) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.4) | 91.2 (90.8‐91.6) | 99.2 (99.2‐99.2) |
| ≥30 | 7.7 (7.6‐7.7) | 88.5 (88.1‐88.8) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.4) | 92.6 (92.3‐92.9) | 99.0 (99.0‐99.0) |
| Obesity | 7.9 (7.7‐8.1) | 85.3 (84.5‐86.2) | 99.3 (99.2‐99.4) | 91.9 (91.2‐92.5) | 98.6 (98.6‐98.7) |
| Gestational age, weeks | |||||
| Preterm (<37) | 7.9 (7.6‐8.1) | 80.8 (79.3‐82.2) | 99.3 (99.2‐99.4) | 92.2 (91.1‐93.2) | 98.1 (98.0‐98.3) |
| Term (37‐41+6) | 6.8 (6.7‐6.9) | 89.1 (88.7‐89.4) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.4) | 91.9 (91.6‐92.2) | 99.2 (99.2‐99.2) |
| Post term (≥42+0) | 11.4 (11.1‐11.8) | 88.5 (87.5‐89.5) | 99.1 (99.0‐99.2) | 93.1 (92.2‐93.9) | 98.4 (98.3‐98.6) |
| Parity | |||||
| Nulliparous | 8.5 (8.4‐8.6) | 88.8 (88.4‐89.2) | 99.3 (99.3‐99.3) | 92.4 (92.1‐92.8) | 98.9 (98.9‐99.0) |
| Multiparous, no previous CS | 5.7 (5.6‐5.8) | 89.4 (88.9‐89.8) | 99.5 (99.5‐99.5) | 91.4 (90.9‐91.8) | 99.4 (99.3‐99.4) |
| Multiparous with previous CS | 8.2 (8.0‐8.4) | 84.2 (83.3‐85.2) | 99.3 (99.3‐99.4) | 92.6 (91.9‐93.4) | 98.5 (98.4‐98.6) |
| Multifetal pregnancy | 19.0 (18.1‐19.8) | 84.1 (82.3‐85.7) | 98.6 (98.3‐98.9) | 94.2 (93.0‐95.3) | 95.8 (95.3‐96.3) |
| Preeclampsia | 12.4 (11.9‐12.9) | 85.4 (83.9‐86.8) | 98.6 (98.4‐98.8) | 90.3 (89.0‐91.5) | 97.8 (97.6‐98.0) |
| Onset of labor | |||||
| Spontaneous onset | 6.3 (6.2‐6.4) | 89.9 (89.5‐90.2) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.5) | 91.5 (91.1‐91.8) | 99.3 (99.3‐99.3) |
| Induction | 9.7 (9.5‐9.9) | 88.1 (87.5‐88.7) | 99.2 (99.1‐99.2) | 92.5 (92.0‐93.0) | 98.7 (98.6‐98.7) |
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Spontaneous vaginal | 5.9 (5.9‐6.0) | 92.9 (92.6‐93.2) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.5) | 91.1 (90.7‐91.4) | 99.6 (99.5‐99.6) |
| Instrumental vaginal | 11.1 (10.8‐11.5) | 90.9 (89.9‐91.8) | 98.8 (98.6‐98.9) | 90.2 (89.2‐91.1) | 98.9 (98.7‐99.0) |
| Cesarean section | 11.0 (10.9‐11.2) | 79.0 (78.4‐79.7) | 99.4 (99.3‐99.4) | 94.9 (94.5‐95.3) | 96.9 (96.8‐97.0) |
| Planned CS | 8.9 (8.7‐9.2) | 80.5 (79.4‐81.7) | 99.5 (99.4‐99.6) | 95.0 (94.3‐95.6) | 97.8 (97.6‐97.9) |
| Emergency CS | 12.6 (12.3‐12.8) | 78.3 (77.4‐79.1) | 99.2 (99.2‐99.3) | 94.9 (94.4‐95.4) | 96.2 (96.1‐96.4) |
| Year of delivery | |||||
| 2014 | 7.1 (6.9‐7.3) | 89.7 (88.9‐90.4) | 99.3 (99.3‐99.4) | 91.0 (90.3‐91.7) | 99.2 (99.1‐99.3) |
| 2015 | 7.0 (6.8‐7.2) | 88.8 (88.1‐89.5) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.5) | 92.4 (91.8‐93.0) | 99.1 (99.1‐99.2) |
| 2016 | 7.1 (7.0‐7.3) | 89.1 (88.4‐89.8) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.5) | 92.4 (91.8‐93.0) | 99.1 (99.1‐99.2) |
| 2017 | 6.9 (6.8‐7.1) | 87.7 (86.9‐88.4) | 99.4 (99.3‐99.4) | 91.8 (91.2‐92.5) | 99.0 (99.0‐99.1) |
| 2018 | 7.3 (7.2‐7.5) | 89.0 (88.3‐89.7) | 99.4 (99.4‐99.5) | 92.5 (91.9‐93.1) | 99.1 (99.0‐99.2) |
| 2019 | 7.1 (7.0‐7.3) | 86.6 (85.9‐87.4) | 99.4 (99.3‐99.4) | 91.9 (91.3‐92.6) | 98.9 (98.9‐99.0) |
Note: Values presented in percentages (95% CI).
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CS, cesarean section; ICD‐10, International Classification of Diseases 10th revision; NPV, negative predictive value; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage; PPV, positive predictive value; SE, Swedish version.