TABLE 1. Factors associated with mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) — California Lupus Surveillance Project,* 2007–2017.
| Characteristic | Deaths/No. of SLE patients | % Mortality | Multivariable-adjusted risk ratio† (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall
|
135/812
|
16.6
|
NA
|
|
Sex
| |||
| Female |
119/731 |
16.3 |
1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
| Male |
16/81 |
19.8 |
Reference |
|
Age group (yrs)
| |||
| 10–34 |
11/204 |
5.4 |
Reference |
| 35–44 |
15/175 |
8.6 |
1.5 (0.7–3.1) |
| 45–54 |
26/185 |
14.1 |
2.1 (1.1–4.2) |
| 55–64 |
33/153 |
21.6 |
3.3 (1.8–6.3) |
| 65–74 |
35/70 |
50.0 |
7.4 (4.0–14.0) |
| ≥75 |
15/25 |
60.0 |
9.3 (4.8–18.0) |
|
Race
| |||
| White |
45/312 |
14.4 |
Reference |
| Black |
41/164 |
25.0 |
1.5 (1.1–2.3) |
| Asian |
45/295 |
15.3 |
1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
| Other |
2/22 |
9.1 |
1.3 (0.3–5.9) |
|
Ethnicity§
| |||
| Non-Hispanic/Latino |
112/604 |
18.5 |
Reference |
| Hispanic/Latino | 19/123 | 15.5 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; NA = not available.
* Population estimates by age group, sex, race, and ethnicity for San Francisco County during 2007–2017 were obtained from CDC Wonder (https://wonder.cdc.gov). Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999–2019 accessed March 21, 2020 (https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd.html).
† Risk ratios estimated using a multivariable Poisson model that modeled sex, age group, race (White, Black, Asian, other), ethnicity (non-Hispanic/Latino or Hispanic/Latino) simultaneously, adjusting for years since diagnosis. A total of 104 patients were excluded from the multivariable model: 19 (including two deaths) were missing race information, and 85 (including four deaths) were missing Hispanic/Latino ethnicity status.
§ Hispanic/Latino ethnicity is considered a distinct concept from race; therefore, it was collected and reported separately from race.