TABLE 2. Age-standardized mortality ratios (SMRs)* for persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),^† overall and by sex, race,^§ and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity^¶—California Lupus Surveillance Project, 2007–2017.

Characteristic	No. of SLE patients	No. of observed deaths	No of expected deaths	SMR (95% CI)
Overall	812	135	45.7	3.0 (2.5–3.5)
Sex
Female	731	119	31.6	3.8 (3.1–4.5)
Male	81	16	5.6	2.9 (1.7–4.7)
Race
White	312	45	20.0	2.3 (1.6–3.0)
Black	164	41	20.8	2.0 (1.4–2.7)
Asian	295	45	12.0	3.8 (2.7–5.0)
Ethnicity (females and males)
Hispanic/Latino	123	19	4.9	3.9 (2.4–6.1)
Race/Ethnicity (females)**
White	283	40	13.8	2.9 (2.1–3.9)
Black	146	37	14.8	2.5 (1.8–3.4)
Asian	264	37	9.0	4.1 (2.9–5.7)
Hispanic/Latina	110	18	3.1	5.8 (3.5–9.2)

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval

* SMR is a ratio between the observed number of deaths in those with SLE and the number of deaths expected, based on age groups defined in CDC Wonder (https://wonder.cdc.gov). Sex, race and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity specific rates in San Francisco County were used, depending on the particular characteristic examined. CIs are calculated for each estimated SMR by assuming a Poisson distribution.

^† Age in 2008 was used for adjustment.

^§ Forty-one patients were excluded from race-specific analyses, including four who died: 22 had missing race information and 19 identified as a race other than White, Black or Asian, for which estimates are not available through CDC Wonder.

^¶ Eighty-five patient records missing Hispanic/Latino ethnicity status, including four deaths, were excluded from ethnicity-specific estimates.

** For female-specific race and ethnicity analyses, crude rates for age group <15 years were not provided by CDC Wonder or were unreliable and therefore not included in calculations; there was insufficient sample size to generate specific race/ethnic estimates for men.