Table 2. Diagnostic performance of the three Baermann techniques against the composite reference standard.
| Gold standard (Composite result) | Performance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive (%) | Negative (%) | Total (%) | Sensitivity(95% CI) | NPV(95% CI) | Kappa | ||
| Total | 131 (100) | 233 (100) | 364 (100) | ||||
| CB | Positive | 35 (26.7) | 0 (0) | 35 (9.6) | 26.7 (19.9–34.9) | 70.8 (65.7–75.5) | 0.318 |
| Negative | 96 (73.3) | 233 (100) | 329 (90.4) | ||||
| MB | Positive | 29 (22.1) | 0 (0) | 29 (8) | 22.1 (15.9–30.0) | 69.6 (64.4–76.3) | 0.267 |
| Negative | 102 (77.9) | 233 (100) | 335(92) | ||||
| MBCI | Positive | 114(87) | 0 (0) | 114 (31.7) | 87 (80.2–91.7) | 93.2 (89.4–95.7) | 0.896 |
| Negative | 17(13) | 233 (100) | 250 (68.7) | ||||
95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval, NPV = Negative predictive value