Table 1.
Participant characteristics by recruitment group
| Low-Risk (n = 39) |
ADHD-Risk (n = 38) |
ASD-Risk (n = 89) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 23 (59.0%) | 26 (68.4%) | 43 (48.3%) | 0.10 |
| Gestational age (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.2 (1.3) | 39.1 (1.9) | 38.7 (1.8) | 0.32 |
| Race n (%) | 0.14 | |||
| White | 28 (71.8%) | 26 (68.4%) | 48 (53.9%) | |
| Non-White | 11 (28.2%) | 12 (31.6%) | 39 (44.8%) | |
| Hispanic Ethnicitya, n (%) | 4 (10.3%) | 5 (13.2%) | 20 (22.5%) | 0.19 |
| Income, n (%) | 0.09 | |||
| Under $20,000 | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| $20,001-$60,000 | 5 (12.8%) | 11 (28.9%) | 19 (21.3%) | |
| $60,001-$100,000 | 8 (20.5%) | 10 (26.3%) | 23 (25.8%) | |
| $100,000 or higher | 20 (51.3%) | 12 (31.6%) | 36 (40.4%) | |
| Maternal Education, n (%) | 0.19 | |||
| No college degree | 8 (20.5%) | 10 (26.3%) | 32 (36.0%) | |
| College degree or higher | 31 (79.5%) | 27 (71.1%) | 57 (64.0%) | |
| Mullen Scales of Early Learning, 36 monthsb | ||||
| ELC, mean (SD) | 111.1 | 102.1 (16.1) | 95.8 (19.3) | < 0.001 |
| Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale, 36 monthsc | ||||
| Comparison Score, mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 3.1 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
Note. ASD = Autism Spectrum Disorder; ELC = Early Learning Composite. Overall group differences assessed using χ2 test for sex, race, ethnicity, and maternal education, and Fisher’s Exact test for income, and one-way analysis of variance for continuous measures.
Missing for:
a
1 Low-Risk, 3 ADHD-Risk, and 3 ASD-Risk participants
b
2 Low-Risk and 8 ASD-Risk participants
c
1 Low-Risk and 1 ASD-Risk participant.