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. 2020 Nov 9;80(3):339–348. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218599

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Adjusted mean change over time from baseline to day 365 in circulating T-cell subtypes: (A) CD4 TEM, (B) Th1, (C) Treg, (D) Tfh and (E) ICOS⁺ Tfh cells. Adjusted mean differences at day 365 are versus the placebo arm switched to abatacept (rather than vs placebo). (A) CD4+TEM expressed as a percentage of CD4+ cells. Markers for CD4 TEM cells=CD3+CD4+CD45RA–CCR7–. (B) Markers for Th1 cells=CD3+CD4+CXCR3+CCR6–. (C) Treg expressed as a percentage of CD4 T cells. Markers for Treg cells=CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127–/LO. (D) Tfh is expressed as a percentage of CD4 +T cells (CXCR5+PD1+). Markers for Tfh cells=CD3+CD4+CD185+CD279+. (E) ICOS⁺ Tfh expressed as a percentage of Tfh cells. Markers for ICOS⁺ Tfh cells=CD3+CD4+CD185+CD279+CD278+. ICOS⁺ Tfh, ICOS-positive Tfh costimulator; TEM, effector memory T cells; Tfh, T follicular helper cells; Th1, T helper type 1 cells; Treg, regulatory T cells.