Table 1.
Cell specific action of SPMs.
| DC/Mφ | T cell/Treg/B cell | Neutrophil | Epithelial cell | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RvE1 | Phagocyte↑ (15–20) M2 polarization↑ (21) Migration↓ (22) (23) TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, CCL4, and CCL5↓ (20), IL-12↓ (23), Superoxide production↓ (16) |
Th1/Th17 cells infiltration↓ (24) T-cell trafficking ↓ (21) |
Infiltration↓ (17, 25) CXCR1/4, CCR2/6↓ (21) ROS↑ (26, 27) Phagocytosis↑ (26, 28) Apoptosis↑ (29) |
Migration↑ (30, 31) |
| RvE3 | No report | No report | Migration↓ (32, 33) | No report |
| RvD1 | Phagocytosis ↑ (20, 34–37) COX-2 and IL-1β, IL-6↓ (38), TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, CCL4, and CCL5↓ (20) MHC II, CD40, and IL-12 ↓ (39), IL-1β, CCXL10, TNF, IL-6, CCR7↓ (40), Tnf‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β↓ (41), IL-6 and IL-8↓ (42) Infiltration of M1 macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines ↓ (43) M1↓/M2 polarization↑ (44) M2 polarization↑ (45–50) |
TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17↓ (51) Migration↓ (52) Treg↑ (34, 34, 51, 53) B cell IgM and IgG production↑ (54) B-cell IgE production↓ (55) |
Apoptosis↑ (50) Infiltration↓ (36, 52, 56–61) CXCR4↓ (62) Phagocytosis↓ (63) |
Epithelial barrier integrity (57) |
| RvD2 | Phagocytosis.↑ (20, 64) TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, CCL4, and CCL5↓ (20), COX-2 and IL-1β, IL-6↓ (38) M1↓/M2 polarization↑ (44) |
TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17↓ (51) Treg↑ (51) |
Infiltration↓ (64, 65) Enhancedneutrophil access to the dermis, but prevented neutrophil-mediated damage (66) |
No report |
| RvD3 | Phagocytosis↑ (67, 68) | Migration↓ (68) Phagocytosis, ROS↑ (67) |
Proliferation↑ (69) | |
| RvD5 | Phagocytosis↑ (70) | |||
| PD1 | Phagocytosis↑ (15) Inflammatory cytokine suppression (71) |
Leukocyte infiltration↓ (72). | Infiltration↓ (73–75) Apoptosis↑ (74) |
Anti-apoptosis (76) Anti-apoptosis (77) |
| MaR1 | COX-2, IL-1β↓ (38), iNos, IL‐1b, IL‐6,TNFa↓ (78), ROS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ ↓ (79), ROS↓, apoptosis↑ (80) M2 polarization, Il-10↑ (81) Phagocytosis↑ (82) |
TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17↓ (51) Treg↑ (51, 83) |
Infiltration↓ (84, 85) Apoptosis↑ (86) |
IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, CXCL1↓ (87) |