Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With Left-Sided Heart Disease (n=544)
| Variables | CKD stage (eGFR: mL/min/1.73 m2) | P-value† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G1 (≥90) | G2 (60–89) | G3a (45–59) | G3b (30–44) | G4 (15–29) | G5 (<15) | |||
| Patients | 544 | 44 (8) | 221 (41) | 132 (24) | 77 (14) | 34 (6) | 36 (7) | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 58±24 | 102±16 | 72±8.3 | 53±4.4 | 38±3.8 | 25±4 | 6.5±3 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 65±12 | 54±17 | 62±11 | 68±9 | 69±9.8 | 72±8.5 | 65±10 | <0.0001 |
| Sex (M/F) | 397/150 | 31/13 | 163/59 | 104/28 | 53/25 | 20/14 | 26/10 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23±3.7 | 23±5.2 | 22.8±3.8 | 23.3±3.5 | 22.4±3.1 | 22.8±2.7 | 22.6±3.2 | NS |
| Heart failure | 393 (72) | 32 (71) | 155 (70) | 101 (77) | 68 (87) | 22 (65) | 36 (100) | 0.0002 |
| AF | 77 (14) | 5 (11) | 31 (14) | 18 (14) | 13 (17) | 8 (24) | 2 (6) | NS |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.5±2.0 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.8±0.1 | 1.0±0.1 | 1.3±0.2 | 2.0±0.5 | 8.2±3.2 | <0.0001 |
| NT-proBNPAO (pg/mL) | 669 (293–1,514) |
545 (215–868) |
437 (224–995) |
592 (259–1,261) |
800 (461–1,650) |
2,552 (1,245–7,081) |
10,206 (3,600–24,865) |
<0.0001 |
| NT-proBNPCS (pg/mL) | 931 (408–504) |
808 (376–1,668) |
634 (341–1,419) |
811 (369–1,736) |
979 (621–1,978) |
2,752 (1,463–8,454) |
10,554 (3,703–25,294) |
<0.0001 |
| NT-proBNPCS–AO (pg/mL) | 207 (102–459) |
268 (128–643) |
180 (96–437) |
200 (102–399) |
173 (110–434) |
349 (172–841) |
402 (105–496) |
0.07 |
| NT-proBNPCS–AO/ NT-proBNPAO (%) |
41±27 | 67±38 | 50±24 | 40±21 | 30±16 | 14.8±7.9 | 3.5±2.4 | <0.0001 |
| MBP (mmHg) | 89±16 | 85±16 | 89±16 | 88±15 | 87±14 | 90±19 | 97±17 | 0.01 |
| LVEF (%) | 47±14 | 47±17 | 48±14 | 47±14 | 47±13 | 44±15 | 52±11 | NS |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | 13±6.4 | 14±5.8 | 12.5±6.2 | 13.5±6.5 | 13.4±5.9 | 14±7.9 | 12±7.1 | NS |
| Etiology | NS | |||||||
| IHD | 317 (58) | 20 (42) | 135 (61) | 80 (61) | 42 (54) | 20 (59) | 20 (56) | NS |
| DCM | 106 (19) | 15 (31) | 43 (19) | 26 (20) | 15 (19) | 6 (18) | 1 (3) | NS |
| HHD | 61 (11) | 5 (10) | 25 (11) | 11 (8) | 12 (15) | 6 (18) | 2 (6) | NS |
| VHD | 68 (12) | 6 (13) | 23 (10) | 20 (15) | 10 (13) | 6 (18) | 3 (8) | NS |
| HT | 271 (50) | 16 (33) | 102 (46) | 70 (53) | 44 (56) | 10 (29) | 29 (81) | NS |
| HL | 258 (47) | 17 (35) | 116 (52) | 67 (51) | 35 (45) | 7 (21) | 16 (44) | NS |
| DM | 184 (34) | 11 (23) | 63 (28) | 49 (37) | 26 (33) | 10 (29) | 25 (69) | NS |
| Treatment | ||||||||
| ACEI or ARB | 399 (73) | 32 (67) | 159 (72) | 109 (83) | 62 (80) | 19 (56) | 18 (50) | NS |
| Ca blocker | 120 (22) | 10 (21) | 45 (29) | 19 (14) | 14 (18) | 7 (21) | 25 (69) | NS |
| Diuretics | 241 (44) | 17 (35) | 74 (33) | 66 (50) | 52 (67) | 16 (47) | 16 (44) | NS |
| Aldosterone blockers | 158 (29) | 9 (19) | 52 (23) | 46 (35) | 38 (49) | 12 (35) | 1 (3) | NS |
| β-blockers | 245 (46) | 21 (44) | 82 (37) | 71 (54) | 40 (51) | 16 (47) | 15 (42) | NS |
Data given as n (%), mean±SD or median (IQR). †ANOVA. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; AO, aortic root; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CS, coronary sinus; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HHD, hypertensive heart disease; HL, hyperlipidemia; HR, heart rate; HT, hypertension; IHD, ischemic heart disease; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MBP, mean blood pressure; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; VHD, valvular heart disease.