Table 3.
Between-group comparisons for BMD
| Follow-up (months) | BMD outcome | Mean change between groups (g/cm2) | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cormie et al. (2015) [24] | 3 | Whole body | − 0.002* | − 0.013 to 0.009 | 0.692 |
| Lumbar spine | − 0.009* | − 0.029 to 0.012 | 0.410 | ||
| Femoral neck | 0.000* | − 0.025 to 0.024 | 0.987 | ||
| Newton et al. (2019) [25] | 6 (RE+IE) | Whole body | 0.005* | − 0.002 to 0.011 | 0.174 |
| Total hip | 0.007* | − 0.002 to 0.016 | 0.128 | ||
| Lumbar spine | 0.014* | 0.001 to 0.027 | 0.039 | ||
| Femoral neck | 0.010* | 0.000 to 0.020 | 0.050 | ||
| Trochanter | − 0.003* | − 0.010 to 0.004 | 0.449 | ||
| 6 (AE+RE) | Whole body | 0.003* | − 0.007 to 0.0012 | 0.614 | |
| Total hip | 0.001* | − 0.009 to 0.011 | 0.807 | ||
| Lumbar spine | 0.004* | − 0.009 to 0.017 | 0.525 | ||
| Femoral neck | − 0.003* | − 0.014 to 0.008 | 0.571 | ||
| Trochanter | − 0.002* | − 0.01 to 0.007 | 0.699 | ||
| Taaffe et al. (2019) [26] | 6 | Whole body | NR | NR | 0.827 |
| Total hip | NR | NR | 0.848 | ||
| Lumbar spine | NR | NR | 0.111 | ||
| Nilsen et al. (2015) [27] | 4 | Whole body | 0.00* | − 0.02 to 0.01 | 0.520 |
| Total hip | 0.00* | − 0.01 to 0.01 | 0.690 | ||
| Total lumbar spine | 0.00* | − 0.02 to 0.01 | 0.847 | ||
| Femoral neck | 0.00* | − 0.02 to 0.01 | 0.467 | ||
| Trochanter | 0.00* | − 0.01 to 0.00 | 0.221 | ||
| Uth et al. (2016) [28] | 3 | Whole body | 0.01 | − 0.00 to 0.01 | 0.188 |
| Legs | 0.00 | − 0.00 to 0.01 | 0.336 | ||
| Uth et al. (2016) [29] | 8 | Total hip | R: 0.015 | 0.003 to 0.027 | 0.015 |
| L: 0.017 | 0.002 to 0.032 | 0.030 | |||
| Lumbar spine | 0.028 | − 0.010 to 0.065 | 0.144 | ||
| Femoral neck | R: 0.015 | − 0.002 to 0.031 | 0.078 | ||
| L: 0.015 | − 0.01 to 0.032 | 0.072 | |||
| Femoral shaft | R: 0.018 | 0.004 to 0.032 | 0.016 | ||
| L: 0.024 | 0·005 to 0·044 | 0.015 | |||
| Bjerre et al. (2019) [30] | 6 | Whole body | 0.005 | − 0.007 to 0.017 | 0.40 |
| Total hip | − 0.009* | − 0.033 to 0.014 | 0.43 | ||
| Lumbar spine | 0.0017* | − 0.019 to 0.053 | 0.34 | ||
| Femoral neck | 0.007* | − 0.009 to 0.023 | 0.39 | ||
| Winters-Stone et al. (2014) [49] | 12 | Total hip | NR | NR | 0.37 |
| Lumbar spine | NR | NR | 0.47 | ||
| Femoral neck | NR | NR | 0.77 | ||
| Greater trochanter | NR | NR | 0.58 | ||
| Kim et al. (2018) [50] | 6 | Total hip | NR | NR | 0.727 |
| Lumbar spine | NR | NR | 0.756 | ||
| Femoral neck | NR | NR | 0.888 |
AE aerobic exercise, BMD bone mineral density, CI confidence intervals, IE impact-loading exercise, L left, NR not reported, R right, RE resistance exercise
*Analyses adjusted for baseline values