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. 2021 Feb 18;12:1141. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-21475-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A This study investigates microbiome-transcriptome relationships in three separate cohorts of individuals in Haiti. Cohort 1 (2-week longitudinal and interventional clinical trial) consists of secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of study volunteers, where we collected disease severity measurements (Mtb bacterial load, TTP), microbiome profiling, and peripheral transcriptomics in active TB patients at baseline, before randomization to either HRZE (arm 1) (standard of care TB treatment), or Nitazoxanide (NTZ) (arm 2). Cohort 2 (6 month longitudinal and observational study) consists of study volunteers who were followed throughout the course of 6 months of TB treatment, where we collected TTP, microbiome, and transcriptomics data. Finally, Cohort 3 (cross sectional and observational) consists of healthy volunteers. These healthy volunteers were enrolled separately. Around half are healthy and TB-negative household or family contacts (FC) of active TB-patients, and the other half are community controls (CC), with no know TB exposure. We performed microbiome profiling and peripheral transcriptomics on these individuals as well. B Numbers of individuals in this study. C Diagram showing the major questions investigated in this study. Supplementary Data 1 provides a table with dates of first and last enrollment for every Cohort.