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. 2021 Feb 5;7:571999. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.571999

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Copyright © 2021 Kalaiyarasu, Bhatia, Mishra, Senthil Kumar, Kumar, Sood, Rajukumar, Ponnusamy, Desai and Singh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Viral shedding detected by qRT-PCR in cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs of specific pathogen-free chickens challenged with 10^8.0 EID₅₀/0.1 ml of clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1. Control-infected birds shed more virus in their oropharyngeal swabs followed by M2e and M2e–HA2 groups after 24 h. Data are means ± SD, statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **0.01) vs. control-infected group.