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. 2021 Feb 5;7:571999. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.571999

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Copyright © 2021 Kalaiyarasu, Bhatia, Mishra, Senthil Kumar, Kumar, Sood, Rajukumar, Ponnusamy, Desai and Singh.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Comparison of relative inflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in M2e, M2e–HA2, and control chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). M2e–HA2-immunized chickens showed upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, chemokine CXCLi2, interferons (IFNs) (α, β, and γ) on 3 and 7 days post-primary immunization than M2e and control group. Data are means ± SD (n = 6), statistical significance (*p ≤ 0.05, **0.01) vs. control non-immunized groups in the same time interval.