Table 1.
Characteristics of study at the baseline.
| Variables | Group total | With ADHD | Without ADHD | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Tot Total | 3,192 | 798 | 25.00 | 2,394 | 75.00 | ||
| Gender | 0.999 | ||||||
| Male | 2,312 | 72.43 | 578 | 72.43 | 1,734 | 72.43 | |
| Female | 880 | 27.57 | 220 | 27.57 | 660 | 27.57 | |
| Age (years) | 37.50 ± 20.17 | 36.89 ± 17.21 | 37.70 ± 21.06 | 0.326 | |||
| Age group (years) | 0.999 | ||||||
| 20–49 | 2,328 | 72.93 | 582 | 72.93 | 1,746 | 72.93 | |
| ≧50 | 864 | 27.07 | 216 | 27.07 | 648 | 27.07 | |
| Insured premium (NT$) | 0.987 | ||||||
| <18,000 | 2,722 | 85.28 | 682 | 85.46 | 2,040 | 85.21 | |
| 18,000–34,999 | 343 | 10.75 | 85 | 10.65 | 258 | 10.78 | |
| ≧35,000 | 127 | 3.98 | 31 | 3.88 | 96 | 4.01 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 121 | 3.79 | 18 | 2.26 | 103 | 4.30 | 0.007 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 231 | 7.24 | 58 | 7.27 | 173 | 7.23 | 0.969 |
| Coronary artery disease | 123 | 3.85 | 21 | 2.63 | 102 | 4.26 | 0.043 |
| Hypertension | 250 | 7.83 | 66 | 8.27 | 184 | 7.69 | 0.595 |
| Adult respiratory distress | 68 | 2.13 | 27 | 3.38 | 41 | 1.71 | 0.007 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 83 | 2.60 | 18 | 2.26 | 65 | 2.72 | 0.523 |
| Peptic ulcer | 156 | 4.89 | 19 | 2.38 | 137 | 5.72 | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis | 141 | 4.42 | 11 | 1.38 | 130 | 5.43 | <0.001 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 2 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.08 | 0.414 |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 5 | 0.16 | 5 | 0.63 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
| Conduct disorder | 32 | 1.00 | 32 | 4.01 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 44 | 1.38 | 43 | 5.39 | 1 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| Tics | 15 | 25.42 | 15 | 25.86 | 0 | 0.00 | <0.001 |
| Intellectual disabilities | 82 | 2.57 | 80 | 10.03 | 2 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 72 | 2.26 | 64 | 8.02 | 8 | 0.33 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 138 | 4.32 | 133 | 16.67 | 5 | 0.21 | <0.001 |
| Bipolar disorders | 97 | 3.04 | 93 | 11.65 | 4 | 0.17 | <0.001 |
| Location | <0.001 | ||||||
| Northern Taiwan | 1,334 | 41.79 | 402 | 50.38 | 932 | 38.93 | |
| Middle Taiwan | 813 | 25.47 | 171 | 21.43 | 642 | 26.82 | |
| Southern Taiwan | 852 | 26.69 | 185 | 23.18 | 667 | 27.86 | |
| Eastern Taiwan | 175 | 5.48 | 34 | 4.26 | 141 | 5.89 | |
| Outlets islands | 18 | 0.56 | 6 | 0.75 | 12 | 0.50 | |
| Urbanization level | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1 (The highest) | 1,059 | 33.18 | 245 | 30.70 | 814 | 34.00 | |
| 2 | 1,349 | 42.26 | 394 | 49.37 | 955 | 39.89 | |
| 3 | 258 | 8.08 | 41 | 5.14 | 217 | 9.06 | |
| 4 (The lowest) | 526 | 16.48 | 118 | 14.79 | 408 | 17.04 | |
| Level of care | <0.001 | ||||||
| Hospital center | 896 | 28.07 | 265 | 33.21 | 631 | 26.36 | |
| Regional hospital | 1,135 | 35.56 | 458 | 57.39 | 677 | 28.28 | |
| Local hospital | 1,161 | 36.37 | 75 | 9.40 | 1,086 | 45.36 | |
ADHD, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
P: Chi-square/Fisher exact test on category variables and t-test on continue variables.