TABLE 3.
predictors of hospitalization costs and OOP expenses of patients with stroke.
| Analysis 1: Hospitalization costs a | Analysis 2: OOP costs a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Coefficient (s.e. b ) | 95% CI | Coefficient (s.e. b ) | 95%CI | |||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Female | −0.018 (0.009) | −0.038 | 0.001 | 0.176 (0.030) | 0.116 | 0.236 | |
| Age group | |||||||
| ＜45 | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 45–64 | 0.045 (0.032) | −0.019 | 0.111 | −0.075 (0.050) | −0.175 | 0.026 | |
| ≥65 | 0.095 (0.033) | 0.028 | 0.161 | −0.146 (0.064) | −0.276 | −0.016 | |
| LOS | 0.022 (0.005) | 0.012 | 0.032 | 0.021 (0.005) | 0.012 | 0.031 | |
| Social identity | |||||||
| Rural resident | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Urban employee | 0.095 (0.045) | 0.003 | 0.187 | −0.886 (0.174) | −1.238 | −0.534 | |
| Urban non-employed | 0.000 (0.089) | −0.181 | 0.181 | −0.423 (0.198) | −0.825 | −0.022 | |
| Government administrator | 0.681 (0.173) | 0.331 | 1.031 | −5.479 (0.844) | −7.187 | −3.770 | |
| Self-paying population | −0.044 (0.046) | −0.137 | −0.049 | 0.742 (0.165) | 0.408 | 1.075 | |
| Type of stroke | |||||||
| TIA | Reference | Reference | |||||
| SAH | 0.561 (0.080) | 0.399 | 0.723 | 1.281 (0.138) | 1.002 | 1.560 | |
| ICH | 0.451 (0.067) | 0.316 | 0.587 | 1.101 (0.108) | 0.883 | 1.319 | |
| IS | 0.178 (0.065) | 0.045 | 0.310 | 0.690 (0.093) | 0.503 | 0.878 | |
| Surgery | |||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.739 (0.124) | 0.488 | 0.990 | 0.666 (0.189) | 0.283 | 1.049 | |
| ICU admission | |||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.603 (0.081) | 0.439 | 0.768 | 0.378 (0.108) | 0.160 | 0.596 | |
| Hospital level | |||||||
| Secondary hospital | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Tertiary hospital | 0.362 (0.109) | 0.140 | 0.584 | 0.403 (0.226) | −0.054 | 0.860 | |
| Hospital type | |||||||
| General hospital | Reference | Reference | |||||
| TCM hospital | −0.271 (0.131) | −0.536 | −0.007 | −0.485 (0.228) | −0.947 | −0.023 | |
| Admission year | |||||||
| 2015 | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 2016 | −0.025 (0.025) | −0.076 | 0.025 | −0.158 (0.061) | −0.282 | −0.035 | |
| 2017 | −0.086 (0.092) | −0.273 | 0.101 | −0.426 (0.126) | −0.681 | −0.171 | |
| Adjusted R 2,% | 34.9 | — | — | 26.2 | — | — | |
a
The logarithmic transformation of the costs data was performed in the multivariate regression analyses.
b
Standard errors clustered at the hospital level are reported in parentheses.
SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IS, ischemic stroke; TIA, transient ischemic attack; LOS, length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; TCM hospital, Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval.