Table 1.
Study Characteristics.
| Author, Year | Drug | SampleSize | Mean Age (y) | Primary Outcome | Treatment Duration (weeks) | Attrition (%) | Cardiovascular Mortality Events |
Mean Baseline SBP (mmHg) |
Difference in Change in SBP¦ (mmHg) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | SGLT2 | Placebo | SGLT2 | ||||||||
| Allegretti, 2019 [24] | Bexagliflozin | 312 | 69.6 | A1C | 24 | 5 | 0/155 | 0/157 | 137.6 | 135.9 | −4.00 |
| Bailey, 2012 [25] | Dapagliflozin | 282 | 53.0 | A1C | 24 | 7 | 0/68 | 0/214 | 129.3 | 128 | −4.58 |
| Bailey, 2013 [26] | Dapagliflozin | 546 | 53.9 | A1C | 102 | 38 | 0/137 | 2/409 | 128 | 127 | −1.73 |
| Bode, 2015 [27] | Canagliflozin | 714 | 63.6 | A1C | 104 | 24 | 0/237 | 1/477 | 131.4 | 131 | −6.59 |
| Bolinder, 2014 [28] | Dapagliflozin | 182 | 60.7 | Weight† | 102 | 23 | 0/91 | 0/91 | 133.3 | 135 | −2.40 |
| Cefalu, 2015 [29] | Dapagliflozin | 922 | 62.4 | Composite§ | 52 | 25 | 1/459 | 4/455 | 133 | 132 | −3.58 |
| Dagogo-Jack, 2018 [30] | Ertugliflozin | 462 | 59.1 | A1C | 52 | 13 | 0/153 | 0/309 | 130.2 | 131 | −4.95 |
| Ferdinand, 2019 [31] | Empagliflozin | 150 | 56.8 | A1C | 24 | 18 | 0/72 | 0/78 | 148.3 | 148.9 | −7.43 |
| Ferrannini, 2010 [32] | Dapagliflozin | 274 | 52.2 | A1C | 24 | 15 | 0/75 | 0/199 | NR | NR | −2.61 |
| Fioretto, 2018 [33] | Dapagliflozin | 321 | 65.8 | A1C | 24 | 3 | 0/161 | 0/160 | 135 | 135 | −3.10 |
| Forst, 2014 [34] | Canagliflozin | 342 | 57.3 | A1C | 26 | 23 | 0/115 | 0/227 | 128.2 | 127 | −3.80 |
| Gallo, 2019 [35] | Ertugliflozin | 621 | 56.7 | A1C | 104 | 15 | 2/207 | 1/411 | 129.3 | 130.4 | −3.42 |
| Haering, 2015 [36] | Empagliflozin | 666 | 57.1 | A1C | 72 | 9 | 0/225 | 1/441 | 128.8 | 129 | −2.15 |
| Ji, 2019 [37] | Ertugliflozin | 506 | 56.4 | A1C | 26 | 5 | 0/167 | 0/339 | NR | NR | −4.70 |
| Ji, 2014 [38] | Dapagliflozin | 393 | 51.3 | A1C | 24 | 13 | 0/132 | 0/261 | 123.5 | 124 | −2.56 |
| Kaku, 2014 [39] | Tofogliflozin | 230 | 57.0 | A1C | 24 | 8 | 0/56 | 0/173 | 128.3 | 129 | −4.74 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [41] | Ipragliflozin | 168 | 56.7 | A1C | 24 | 21 | 1/57 | 0/112 | 125.8 | 126 | −3.60 |
| Kashiwagi, 2015 [40] | Ipragliflozin | 240 | 59.7 | A1C | 24 | 46 | 0/75 | 0/165 | 129.2 | 130 | −4.20 |
| Kohan, 2014 [42] | Dapagliflozin | 252 | 67.0 | A1C | 104 | 45 | 3/84 | 4/168 | 130.7 | 132 | −5.53 |
| Kovacs, 2015 [43] | Empagliflozin | 498 | 54.5 | Composite§ | 76 | 47 | 1/165 | 3/433 | 125.7 | 126 | −2.86 |
| Leiter, 2014 [44] | Dapagliflozin | 964 | 63.6 | A1C | 52 | 22 | 1/482 | 2/480 | 134.6 | 135 | −3.00 |
| Mathieu, 2015 [45] | Dapagliflozin | 320 | 55.1 | A1C | 24 | 6 | 0/160 | 0/160 | NR | NR | −3.90 |
| Matthaei, 2015 [46] | Dapagliflozin | 216 | 61.0 | A1C | 52 | 13 | 0/108 | 0/108 | 136.4 | 136 | −2.10 |
| Merker, 2015 [47] | Empagliflozin | 637 | 55.7 | A1C | 76 | 34 | 0/207 | 0/430 | 128.6 | 129 | −4.05 |
| Neal, 2017 [3] | Canagliflozin | 10,142 | 63.3 | 3-pt MACE‡ | 188.2 | 4 | 12.8* | 11.6* | 136.9 | 137 | −3.93 |
| Perkovic, 2019 [4] | Canagliflozin | 4401 | 63.0 | Composite# | 31.4 | 1 | 140/2059 | 110/2092 | 140.2 | 139.8 | −2.38 |
| Rodbard, 2016 [48] | Canagliflozin | 213 | 57.4 | A1C | 26 | 17 | 0/106 | 0/107 | 128.7 | 130 | −5.90 |
| Rosenstock, 2015 [49] | Dapagliflozin | 355 | 54.0 | A1C | 24 | 8 | 0/176 | 0/179 | 128 | 129 | −2.20 |
| Rosenstock, 2014 [50] | Empagliflozin | 563 | 56.7 | A1C | 52 | 16 | 0/188 | 0/375 | 132.6 | 133 | −0.70 |
| Rosenstock, 2012 [51] | Dapagliflozin | 420 | 53.5 | A1C | 48 | 19 | 0/139 | 0/281 | NR | NR | −3.60 |
| Seino, 2014 [52] | Luseogliflozin | 158 | 59.3 | A1C | 24 | 6 | 0/79 | 0/79 | 128.9 | 129 | −5.70 |
| Stenlof, 2013 [53] | Canagliflozin | 584 | 55.4 | A1C | 26 | 13 | 1/192 | 0/392 | 127.7 | 128 | −4.55 |
| Strojek, 2014 [54] | Dapagliflozin | 592 | 59.8 | A1C | 48 | 13 | 0/145 | 3/447 | 133.3 | 133 | −5.06 |
| Terra, 2017 [55] | Ertugliflozin | 461 | 56.4 | A1C | 26 | 10 | 0/153 | 0/308 | NR | NR | −1.71 |
| Wilding, 2013 [56] | Canagliflozin | 469 | 56.8 | A1C | 52 | 34 | 0/156 | 0/313 | 130.1 | 130 | −3.40 |
| Wilding, 2014 [57] | Dapagliflozin | 807 | 58.8 | A1C | 104 | 36 | 0/197 | 3/610 | NR | NR | −2.80 |
| Wiviott, 2018 [1] | Dapagliflozin | 17,160 | 63.9 | 3-pt MACE‡ | 218 | 31 | 249/3578 | 245/8582 | 134.8 | 135 | −2.70 |
| Yang, 2016 [58] | Dapagliflozin | 444 | 53.7 | A1C | 24 | 8 | 0/145 | 0/299 | 126.3 | 128 | −5.09 |
| Yang, 2018 [59] | Dapagliflozin | 272 | 57.5 | A1C | 24 | 5 | 0/133 | 0/139 | 131.3 | 132 | −5.00 |
| Zinman, 2015 [2] | Empagliflozin | 7020 | 63.1 | 3-pt MACE‡ | 133 | 3 | 137/2283 | 172/4687 | 135.8 | 136 | −3.80 |
SBP systolic blood pressure; NR not reported; * events per 1000 patient years; † change in total body weight from baseline to end of treatment period; ‡ 3-pt MACE is a composite of cardiovascular mortality, nonfatal stroke and nonfatal myocardial infarction; § co-primary outcome measures were mean change in baseline A1c and proportions of participants achieving a three-outcome measure of combined clinical benefit: simultaneous A1c decrease of 0.5% or greater, total body weight reduction of 3% or greater, and systolic blood pressure reduction of 3 mmHg or greater from baseline; # composite of end-stage kidney disease, serum creatinine doubling from baseline for ≥ 30 days, or death from cardiovascular or renal disease; ¦ the difference in the change in mean systolic blood pressure from baseline to end-of-intervention between the intervention and placebo group