Figure 1.

Requirements for bioink: the shear-thinning formulation is extruded in the form of laminar flow and forms desired geometry via its self-supporting ability (yellow); bioink can be crosslinked to enhance the mechanical strength of the hydrogel scaffold, whilst the biocompatibility and biodegradability promote cell diffusion and proliferation (green); to accomplish bone tissue repair, the scaffolding will induce new tissue growth and respond to external stimuli as the new bone matures (blue).