Table 1.

Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of inkjet bioprinting, extrusion bioprinting, and laser-assisted bioprinting.

Bioprinting technologies	Advantages	Disadvantages
Inkjet bioprinting	Low operating cost High efficiency	Non-uniformity of droplet size Inaccurate deposition location; Heat damage to cell behaviors Cell viability >85% Requirement for low viscosity bioinks
Extrusion bioprinting	Wide bioink printing viscosity High cell deposition densities	Low cell viability Low resolution Low printing speed
Laser-assisted bioprinting	High density of cell encapsulation Accurate and fast printing	High operating cost Complicated preparation process The trace metallic residues