Figure 9.

The patterned CPCs by printing

(A) Schematic illustration of the preparation of monolayer photonic crystals by inkjet printing.

(B) SEM image of mono-layered photonic crystal array. Inset is the side-view SEM image. Reprinted with permission from Nam et al. (2016). Copyright 2016, Springer Nature.

(C) Schematic illustration of the assembly process of colloidal particles on hydrophobic substrate during solution evaporation.

(D) Optical image of the printed array of domed photonic crystals. Inset is the side-view SEM image. Reprinted with permission from Kuang et al. (2014a). Copyright 2013, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

(E) Schematic illustration of patterning silk inverse opal by printing the soluble ink.

(F) The optical photograph and SEM image of the printed pattern, showing the portrait morphology and internal structure. Reprinted with permission from Li et al. (2019a, 2019b). Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

(G) Schematic illustration of the direct-printing process of the freestanding colloidal crystal structures.

(H) SEM image of a freestanding structure comprising of particles of radius a = 500 nm. Insets: close views of top and middle sections.

(I) Optical images of vertical columns built from colloidal particles with different diameters. Reprinted with permission from Tan et al. (2018). Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.