Table 1.
Characteristics of the French patients with cirrhosis enrolled for the whole-blood transcriptome analysis.
| Characteristic | Advanced cirrhosis (AC, n=7) | Acute decompensation of cirrhosis (ADa, n=7) | ACLF (n=17) | P value for the difference between all groups | P value for the difference between AC and AD | P value for the difference between ACLF and AD | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age (IQR) − yr | 59 (53–64) | 57 (52–59) | 58 (53–60.5) | 0.81 | − | − | |||||||
| Male sex – n (%) | 7 (100) | 3 (42.9) | 13 (76.5) | 0.06 | − | − | |||||||
| Etiology or cirrhosis – n (%) | 0.45 | – | – | ||||||||||
| Alcoholic liver disease | 6 (86) | 3 (43) | 12 (70) | ||||||||||
| Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | 1 (14) | 2 (28) | 3 (18) | ||||||||||
| Chronic hepatitis C | 0 (0) | 1 14) | 2 (12) | ||||||||||
| Chronic hepatitis B | 0 (0) | 1 (14) | 0 (0) | ||||||||||
| Acute precipitants – n (%) | − | − | 0.66 | ||||||||||
| Sepsis | 0 (0) | 2 (28.6) | 8 (47.1) | ||||||||||
| Excessive alcohol consumption | 0 (0) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (5.9) | ||||||||||
| Hemorrhage | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (23.5) | ||||||||||
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (11.8) | ||||||||||
| None | 7 (100) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (11.8) | ||||||||||
| Severity scores | |||||||||||||
| Median CLIF-C AD score (IQR) | – | 55 (52–59) | – | – | – | – | |||||||
| Median MELD score (IQR) | 10 (8–18) | 21 (15–25) | 35 (26–39) | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0 .003 | |||||||
| Median CLIF-C Organ Failure score (IQR) | – | 8 (7–9) | 14 (12–15) | – | – | <0.001 | |||||||
| Median CLIF-C ACLF score (IQR) | – | – | 67 (59–69.5) | – | – | – | |||||||
| Individual organ system failuresa – n (%) | |||||||||||||
| Kidney | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (64.7) | <0.001 | 1 | 0.005 | |||||||
| Lungs | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (59.0) | 0.003 | 1 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Liver | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (23.5) | 0.37 | − | − | |||||||
| Coagulation | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 11 (64.7) | 0.005 | 0.71 | 0.05 | |||||||
| Brain | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (17.6) | 0.26 | − | − | |||||||
| Circulation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 16 (94.0) | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | |||||||
| ACLF Gradea – n (%) | – | – | – | ||||||||||
| Grade 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.9) | ||||||||||
| Grade 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.8) | ||||||||||
| Grade 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14 (82.4) | ||||||||||
| Median white-cell countb (IQR) − per mm3 | 6,000 (4,400–8,300) | 5,600 (4,500–8,700) | 16,100 (10,200–22,200) | 0.01 | 0.8 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Median absolute count (IQR) − per mm3 | |||||||||||||
| Neutrophils | 4,250 (2595–4940) | 3,680 (2,900–4,795) | 12,800 (7,700–18,400) | 0.022 | 0.9 | 0.013 | |||||||
| Monocytes | 700 (580–1,090) | 1,000 (690–1,100) | 1,100 (600–1,490) | 0.28 | – | – | |||||||
| Lymphocytes | 1,300 (1,045–1,785) | 1,000 (925–1,535) | 1,080 (700–1,600) | 0.95 | – | – | |||||||
| Median differential countc (IQR) − % | |||||||||||||
| Neutrophils | 66 (46–72) | 60 (56–66) | 81 (70–90) | <0.001 | 0.53 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Lymphocytes | 18 (15–3) | 18 (13–27) | 11 (4–16) | 0.008 | 0.9 | 0.016 | |||||||
| Monocytes | 12 (8–13) | 13 (7–22) | 9 (4–13) | .14 | − | − | |||||||
| Median hemoglobin (IQR) − g/dl | 11.6 (10.1–14.1) | 7.8 (7.1–10.1) | 8.8 (8.1–11.3) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.166 | |||||||
| Median platelet count (IQR) − per mm3 | 71,000 (65,000–265,000) |
80,000 (73,000–157,000) |
116,000 (84,500–164,000) |
0.79 | − | − | |||||||
| Median International Normalized Ratio (IQR) | 1.42 (1.20–1.86) | 1.64 (1.54–2.23) | 2.80 (2.10–3.10) | <0.001 | 0.13 | 0.013 | |||||||
| Median serum sodium (IQR) − mmol/L | 135 (133–138) | 133 (131–135) | 133 (125–137) | 0.45 | − | − | |||||||
| Median serum creatinine (IQR) − mg/dl | 0.74 (0.68–0.85) | 0.73 (0.56–1.51) | 2.40 (1.90–3.10) | 0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Median C-reactive protein (IQR) − mmol/L | 7 (7–10) | 11 (7–24) | 44 (21–94) | 0.36 | − | − | |||||||
| Median aspartate aminotransferase (IQR) − U/L | 58 (33–72) | 50 (46–90) | 104 (61–234) | 0.05 | − | − | |||||||
| Median alanine aminotransferase (IQR) − U/L | 26 (12–33) | 28 (14–37) | 40 (20–83) | 0.12 | − | − | |||||||
| Median total bilirubin (IQR) − mg/dl | 2.47 (0.80–4.71) | 5.82 (1.81–6.23) | 5.10 (3.20–11.70) | 0.10 | − | − | |||||||
| Outcome | |||||||||||||
| Death without transplantation by 90 days – n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12 (71) | – | – | – | |||||||
| Liver transplantation – n (%) | 3 (43) | 3 (43) | 4 (23.5) | – | – | – | |||||||
P values were obtained using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test and the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. ACLF denotes acute-on-chronic liver failure; IQR, interquartile range; CLIF-C, Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium; and MELD, Model for End Stage Liver Disease.
a
Defined in Table S2.
b
Normal range for blood white-cell count is 4,500–11,000 per mm3.
c
Normal ranges for differential counts are 40%–70% for neutrophils, 4%–11% for monocytes, and 22%–44% for lymphocytes.