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. 2021 Feb 18;11:4130. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Polyfunctional responses of NK cells induced by DBL3-specific Abs from pregnant women with malaria. NK cells from three separate donors were stimulated with IgG from pregnant women mid pregnancy with non-placental malaria (N = 27), women with placental malaria (N = 50) at delivery in presence of DBL2 and assessed for expression of CD107a, IFNγ and TNFα. NK cells were selected based on their CD56 expression (CD56^dim and CD56^bright). Pie and Bar charts show the proportion (a) and relative frequency (b) of each activation marker combination of only activated NK cells. (a) The pie segments correspond to NK cells expressing different combinations of activation markers and are color coded (pie segment legend: pink-red) to indicate increasing polyfunctional NK cell activation. (b) The bar graph shows relative frequencies of combinations of activation markers by NK cells stimulated with IgG from non-placental malaria-infected women (blue) or women with placental malaria (red) in presence of DBL3 (bottom bar graph). Mean of three NK cell donors with standard deviation is shown. Statistical analysis between groups was performed using multiple t tests corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Šídák method.