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. 2021 Feb 18;11:4130. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Glycan profiles of IgG Abs in pregnant women with malaria. (a) Schematic representation of N-linked glycan composition of human IgG Abs. The glycans are attached to asparagine (N) at position 297 in the C_H2 domain of IgG and have a biantennary heptasaccharide core (solid line) and variable extensions (dash line), such as fucose, galactose and/or sialic acid. Relative abundance of specific types of N-linked glycan structures of purified IgG Abs from non-infected pregnant women (NIP; N = 41; blue), pregnant women with malaria infection (IP; N = 11; pink), malaria-naïve healthy pregnant women (HP; N = 10; yellow) and uninfected healthy non-pregnant women (H; N = 13; grey) were profiled. % of Fc glycans with the presence of (b) galactose (monogalactosylated or digalactosylated), (c) sialic acid and (d) fucose. (e–l) The relative prevalence of several major glycan structures (G0 agalactosylated, G1 monogalactosylated, G2 digalactosylated, F fucosylated, S1 sialylated). Statistical comparison between groups was performed using a Kruskal–Wallis test corrected for multiple comparisons using Dunn’s multiple comparison method (p-values are shown on graphs).