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. 2021 Feb 18;11:4163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83319-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantification of advanced XLF parameters from the X-ray transmission over time. (a) A representative radiograph is shown, demonstrating background correction based on the selection of ROI at the lung lobes marked in cyan normalized by selection of the background marked in red (top panel). The modified background correction at ROI is accomplished by applying an adaptive moving average filter which requires a smaller FOV (bottom panel). (b) Two exemplary breathing cycles extracted from the averaged X-ray transmission at the ROI are shown for a healthy mouse over a period of 3 s. The peak intensities representing maximum inhalation I are marked by yellow circles while the red circles represent the beginning of a new breathing event and the maximum exhalation phase E of the breathing cycle. The breathing curve is split at threshold T (marked by a cyan circle and a grey horizontal line) to obtain a breathing (A) and a passive expiration (B) phase. XLF parameters are shown including average inhalation time (t_in), average breathing length (L), X-ray-based end-inspiration volume (EIV_[XLF]), relative X-ray transmission at end-expiration (rXTE) and exponential function (τ, calculated in region indicated by blue dotted line). Scale bars in (a) represent 1 cm.