Table 4.
Outcomes by individual ethnic category for those specifically with COVID-19 hospital admissions compared those not admitted within individual ethnic grouping as examined in binary regression analysis
| Black | South Asian | White | |
| Numbers admitted/not admitted | 113 (0.6%)/17 530 | 83 (0.2%)/43 663 | 684 (0.5%)/138 500 |
| Gender (male) | ns | 2 (1.2 to 3.2), p<0.01 | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9), p<0.001 |
| Age category Q2 (30–40) | 2.3 (0.6 to 8.6), ns, p=0.225 | 1.8 (0.5 to 6.8), ns, p=0.417 | 3 (1.3 to 6.8), p<0.01 |
| Age category Q3 (41–51) | 3.1 (0.9 to 11), ns, p=0.083 | 2.6 (0.7 to 9.3), ns, p=0.148 | 4.9 (2.2 to 10.5), p<0.001 |
| Age category Q4 (52–65) | 3.8 (1.1 to 13.4), p<0.05 | 3.1 (0.9 to 10.8), ns, p=0.082 | 9.7 (4.7 to 20), p<0.001 |
| Age category Q5 (66–113) | 10 (2.8 to 36), p<0.001 | 4.5 (1.3 to 16), p<0.05 | 21.2 (10.4 to 43.3), p<0.001 |
| IMD category Q2 (16.5–27.7) | ns | ns | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1), p<0.001 |
| IMD category Q3 (27.8–39.0) | ns | ns | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.1), p<0.001 |
| IMD category Q4 (39.3–45.7) | ns | ns | 1.5 (1.2 to 2), p<0.01 |
| IMD category Q5 (45.7–71.8) | ns | ns | ns |
| Smoking current or prior | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.6), p<0.001 | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.6), p<0.01 | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.3), p<0.001 |
| Prior emergency admissions (1 year) | ns | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.8), p<0.001 | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6), p<0.001 |
| Palliative care registered | 3.8 (1.8 to 8), p<0.001 | 11 (5.5 to 21.7), p<0.001 | 3.8 (2.9 to 5), p<0.001 |
| Nursing home resident | ns | 4.5 (1.4 to 14.2), p<0.05 | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2), p<0.01 |
| Comorbidities ≥3 | 2.6 (1.5 to 4.4), p<0.001 | ns | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1), p<0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (1 to 3.7), p<0.05 | 2.8 (1.4 to 5.6), p<0.01 | 1.6 (1.3 to 2), p<0.001 |
| Cardiac failure | 2.2 (1.2 to 3.9), p<0.05 | ns | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1), p<0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | ns | ns | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7), p<0.01 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ns | ns | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.3), p<0.001 |
| Diabetes | ns | 4.4 (2.6 to 7.5), p<0.001 | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.9), p<0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2.2 (1.2 to 4.1), p<0.01 | ns | ns |
| Peripheral vascular disease | ns | 3.7 (1.6 to 8.8), p<0.01 | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.5), p<0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | ns | ns | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.1), p<0.01 |
Values are OR with 95% CIs.
IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.