Table 5.

Multinomial regression of mortality outcomes over the 12-week period for those who died (n=1093) either in the community (n=537) or non-COVID-19-related (n=284) and COVID-19-related (n=272) hospital deaths (HD) (see table 1) compared with those who were alive (n=227 539)

	COVID-19 HD	Non-COVID-19 HD	Community death
Gender (male)	2 (1.5 to 2.6), p<0.001	1.5 (1.2 to 1.9), p<0.01	1.7 (1.4 to 2.1), p<0.001
Age category Q2 (30–40)	ns, p=0.997	>100, p<0.001	ns, p=0.85
Age category Q3 (41–51)	2.5 (0.5 to 14), ns, p=0.283	>100, p<0.001	6.6 (1.9 to 22.6), p<0.01
Age category Q4 (52–65)	10.5 (2.4 to 44.8), p<0.01	>100, p<0.001	13.9 (4.3 to 44.9), p<0.001
Age category Q5 (66–113)	39.9 (9.6 to 165.5), p<0.001	>100, p<0.001	41.3 (13 to 130.9), p<0.001
IMD category Q2 (16.5–27.7)	ns, p=0.163	1.8 (1.2 to 2.6), p<0.01	ns, p=0.708
IMD category Q3 (27.8–39.0)	1.5 (1 to 2.2), p<0.05	2.2 (1.5 to 3.1), p<0.001	ns, p=0.054
IMD category Q4 (39.3–45.7)	ns, p=0.319	1.8 (1.2 to 2.7), p<0.01	ns, p=0.384
IMD category Q5 (45.7–71.8)	ns, p=0.713	ns, p=0.455	1.6 (1.2 to 2.1), p<0.01
Ethnicity South Asian	0.5 (0.3 to 0.8), p<0.01	0.4 (0.3 to 0.6), p<0.001	0.5 (0.3 to 0.7), p<0.001
Ethnicity black	2.1 (1.5 to 3.2), p<0.001	0.5 (0.3 to 1), p<0.05	ns, p=0.841
Smoking current or prior	0 (0 to 0), p<0.001	0.1 (0.1 to 0.2), p<0.001	0.1 (0.1 to 0.1), p<0.001
Body mass index	1 (0.9 to 1), p<0.01	1 (1 to 1), ns, p=0.12	1 (1 to 1), p<0.05
Prior emergency admissions (1 year)	1.2 (1.1 to 1.3), p<0.001	1.3 (1.2 to 1.4), p<0.001	1.3 (1.2 to 1.4), p<0.001
Palliative care registered	9.5 (6.8 to 13.2), p<0.001	5.9 (4.2 to 8.4), p<0.001	5.9 (4.7 to 7.5), p<0.001
Nursing home resident	ns, p=0.547	ns, p=0.634	3.5 (2.7 to 4.6), p<0.001
Comorbidities ≥3	3 (2 to 4.4), p<0.001	2.3 (1.6 to 3.3), p<0.001	1.7 (1.3 to 2.3), p<0.001
Peripheral vascular disease	2.6 (1.8 to 3.9), p<0.001	1.9 (1.3 to 2.9), p<0.01	ns, p=0.232
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	2.1 (1.4 to 3), p<0.001	3.8 (2.8 to 5.2), p<0.001	2.2 (1.7 to 2.9), p<0.001
Cardiac failure	2 (1.5 to 2.8), p<0.001	1.7 (1.2 to 2.3), p<0.01	1.8 (1.4 to 2.3), p<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	1.6 (1.2 to 2.1), p<0.01	ns, p=0.095	ns, p=0.328
Diabetes	1.4 (1.1 to 1.9), p<0.05	ns, p=0.465	ns, p=0.426
Atrial fibrillation	1.4 (1 to 1.9), p<0.05	1.9 (1.4 to 2.6), p<0.001	ns, p=0.602
Cancer	ns, p=0.338	1.5 (1.1 to 2), p<0.01	2.1 (1.7 to 2.6), p<0.001
Dementia	ns, p=0.878	ns, p=0.505	2 (1.5 to 2.6), p<0.001
Asthma	ns, p=0.337	0.7 (0.5 to 1), p<0.05	ns, p=0.376

Results are OR with 95% CIs. For age and Index of Multiple Deprivation categories, the comparators were the youngest and least deprived quintile, respectively. Variables not listed from table 1 were excluded stepwise (backwards) as not significant.

IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.