Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to presence of posthepatectomy liver failure
| No PHLF (n = 257) | PHLF (n = 32) | P ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative characteristics | |||
| Age (years)* | 70 (32–87) | 71 (52–87) | 0.043§ |
| Sex ratio (M : F) | 178 : 79 | 24 : 8 | 0.683 |
| BSA (m2)* | 1.58 (1.08–2.03) | 1.58 (1.21–2.14) | 0.916§ |
| Albumin (g/dl)* | 4.0 (2.3–5.2) | 3.7 (2.8–4.6) | 0.022§ |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl)* | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.074§ |
| Platelet count (×103/μl)* | 24 (10–78) | 23 (14–41) | 0.380§ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 37 (14.4) | 7 (22) | 0.295 |
| Chronic hepatitis | 8 (3.1) | 2 (6) | 0.306 |
| Preoperative cholangitis | 54 (21.0) | 10 (31) | 0.184 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 175 (68.1) | 24 (75) | 0.545 |
| Portal vein embolization | 125 (48.6) | 21 (66) | 0.091 |
| ICGK* | 0.151 (0.095–0.321) | 0.151 (0.137–0.272) | 0.904§ |
| ICGK-F* | 0.078 (0.032–0.234) | 0.064 (0.038–0.098) | < 0.001§ |
| RLV (ml) * | 580 (259–1416) | 429 (250–902) | 0.001§ |
| RLV/BSA (ml/m2)* | 359 (163–966) | 284 (167–537) | < 0.001§ |
| Remnant liver proportion (%)* | 49 (24–95) | 40 (28–72) | < 0.001§ |
| sFLR (%)* | 47 (21–141) | 39 (22–71) | < 0.001§ |
| Intraoperative outcomes | |||
| Type of hepatectomy | 0.011 | ||
| Right hepatectomy | 91 (35.4) | 14 (44) | |
| Left hepatectomy | 100 (38.9) | 4 (13) | |
| Right trisectionectomy | 19 (7.4) | 6 (19) | |
| Left trisectionectomy | 42 (16.3) | 7 (22) | |
| Central bisectionectomy | 5 (1.9) | 1 (3) | |
| Duration of Pringle manoeuvre (min)* | 49 (15–151) | 34 (20–109) | 0.628§ |
| Vascular resection | 90 (35.0) | 11 (34) | 1.000 |
| Pancreatoduodenectomy | 72 (28.0) | 8 (25) | 0.836 |
| Duration of operation (min)* | 485 (195–973) | 578 (344–1171) | 0.622§ |
| Blood loss (g)* | 1420 (354–12671) | 1495 (585–7788) | 0.320§ |
| Blood transfusion | 60 (23.3) | 12 (38) | 0.087 |
| Postoperative outcomes | |||
| Morbidity (grade ≥ III)† | 119 (46.3) | 25 (78) | < 0.001 |
| Surgical-site infection (grade ≥ II)† | 50 (19.5) | 16 (50) | < 0.001 |
| Ascites (grade ≥ II)† | 34 (13.2) | 15 (47) | < 0.001 |
| Pleural effusion (grade ≥ II)† | 4 (1.6) | 10 (31) | < 0.001 |
| Bile leakage (ISGLS) | 40 (15.6) | 12 (38) | 0.006 |
| Reoperation | 2 (0.8) | 4 (13) | 0.002 |
| Death | 1 (0.4) | 3 (9) | 0.005 |
Values in parentheses are percentages unless otherwise indicated;
*
values are median (range).
†
Grade according to Dindo–Clavien classification. PHLF, posthepatectomy liver failure; BSA, body surface area; ICGK, plasma clearance rate of indocyanine green (ICG); ICGK-F, future liver remnant plasma clearance rate of ICG; RLV, remnant liver volume; sFLR, standardized functional liver remnant; ISGLS, International Study Group of Liver Surgery.
‡
Fisher’s exact test, except
§
Mann–Whitney U test.