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. 2021 Jan 29;18(6):1423–1431. doi: 10.7150/ijms.55274

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Assessment of voiding function with conscious cystometry. (A) Normal voiding pattern was noted in 9 rats of the control group and 7 rats of the DM+Li-ESWT group. (B) Overactive bladder pattern was noted in one rat of the control group, 6 rats of the DM group and one rat of the DM+Li-ESWT group. (C) Underactive bladder pattern was noted in 2 rats of the DM group and 2 rats of the DM+Li-ESWT group. (D) Acontractile bladder pattern was noted in 2 rats of the DM group and 2 rats of DM+Li-ESWT group, which was also regarded as abnormal voiding pattern. (E) Pie charts of the voiding patterns. Normal voiding patterns were significantly more common (P < 0.05) in the normal control group compared with the DM group. A significant proportion of the DM rats that received Li-ESWT had normal voiding patterns. BP: bladder pressure (cmH2O). AP: abdomen pressure (cmH2O). NBP: net bladder pressure (cmH2O). UW: urine weight (g). DM: diabetes mellitus.