Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients with A/B influenza or COVID-19
| Characteristics | A or B influenza | COVID-19 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex - no. (%) | 39 (36.79%) | 268 (52.34%) | 0.0035 |
| Median age (IQR) - year | 59.8 (48.5-72.0) | 60.8 (53.0-70.0) | 0.5301 |
| Fever on/after admission | |||
| Fever on admission - no. (%) | 81 (76.42%) | 146 (28.52%) | <0.0001 |
| Chills on admission - no. (%) | 16 (15.09%) | 68 (13.28%) | 0.6593 |
| Highest temperature on admission - °C | 38.27 (0.94) | 37.60 (1.05) | <0·0001 |
| Fever during hospitalization - no. (%) | 73 (68.87%) | 260 (50.78%) | 0.1433 |
| Chills during hospitalization - no. (%) | 17 (16.04%) | 37 (7.23%) | 0.0011 |
| Highest temperature during hospitalization - °C | 38.24 (0.84) | 37.61 (0.76) | <0·0001 |
| Symptoms - no. (%) | |||
| Conjunctival congestion | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.5200 |
| Nasal congestion | 13 (12.26%) | 6 (1.17%) | <0·0001 |
| Cough | 96 (90.57%) | 386 (75.39%) | 0.0006 |
| Expectoration | 91 (85.85%) | 222 (43.36%) | <0·0001 |
| Sore throat | 28 (26.42%) | 28 (5.47%) | <0·0001 |
| Fatigue | 48 (45.28%) | 197 (38.48%) | 0.1747 |
| Dyspnea/Shortness of breath | 58 (54.72%) | 245 (47.85%) | 0.2111 |
| Hemoptysis | 10 (9.43%) | 11 (2.15%) | 0.0003 |
| Nausea/Vomit | 7 (6.60%) | 70 (13.67%) | 0.0397 |
| Headache | 17 (16.04%) | 57 (11.13%) | 0.1754 |
| Diarrhea | 8 (7.55%) | 133 (25.98%) | <0·0001 |
| Myalgia | 26 (24.53%) | 102 (19.92%) | 0.3087 |
| Signs of infection - no. (%) | |||
| Pharyngeal congestion | 11 (10.38%) | 8 (1.56%) | <0·0001 |
| Enlarged tonsils | 1 (0.94%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.1544 |
| Enlarged lymph node | 2 (1.89%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.0124 |
| Rash | 3 (2.83%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.0010 |
| Complication - no. (%) | |||
| Septic shock | 9 (8.49%) | 5 (0.98%) | <0·0001 |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome | 12 (11.32%) | 28 (5.47%) | 0.0356 |
| Acute kidney injury | 10 (9.43%) | 15 (2.93%) | 0.0029 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (1.17%) | 0.3791 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (1.56%) | 0.1574 |
| Underlying disease - no. (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 36 (33.96%) | 184 (35.94%) | 0.6713 |
| Heart disease | 11 (10.38%) | 48 (9.38%) | 0.7979 |
| Diabetes | 12 (11.32%) | 81 (15.82%) | 0.2197 |
| Obesity | 6 (5.66%) | 4 (0.78%) | 0.0014 |
| Lung disease | 22 (20.75%) | 28 (5.47%) | <0·0001 |
| Kidney disease | 5 (4.72%) | 8 (1.56%) | 0.0395 |
| Liver Disease | 6 (5.66%) | 7 (1.37%) | 0.0109 |
| Cancer | 5 (4.72%) | 18 (3.52%) | 0.6224 |
| Impaired immune system | 9 (8.49%) | 6 (1.17%) | <0·0001 |
| Outcome - no. (%) | |||
| Critically ill | 44 (41.51%) | 228 (44.53%) | 0.5439 |
| Admission to ICU | 38 (35.85%) | 8 (1.56%) | <0·0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 31 (29.25%) | 24 (4.69%) | <0·0001 |
| Death | 7 (6.60%) | 5 (0.98%) | 0.0003 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| White blood cell count - ×109/L | 8.31 (4.93) | 6.20 (2.89) | <0·0001 |
| Lymphocyte count - ×109/L | 1.07 (0.59) | 1.16 (1.01) | 0.4042 |
| Platelet count - ×109/L | 183.18 (84.43) | 243.68 (99.65) | <0·0001 |
| Hemoglobin - g/L | 122.85 (21.85) | 126.62 (14.98) | 0.0312 |
| C-reactive protein - mmol/L | 83.09 (66.32) | 49.91 (54.24) | <0·0001 |
| Procalcitonin - ng/mL | 3.69 (11.52) | 0.98 (1.19) | <0·0001 |
| Serum sodium - mmol/L | 138.18 (5.19) | 138.09 (9.05) | 0.9232 |
| Serum potassium - mmol/L | 3.90 (0.63) | 4.87 (9.42) | 0.2887 |
| Serum chlorine - mmol/L | 101.42 (5.44) | 99.95 (5.99) | 0.0200 |
| Serum calcium - mmol/L | 2.03 (0.30) | 2.98 (11.69) | 0.4045 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase - U/L | 364.10 (233.64) | 315.13 (135.76) | 0.0036 |
| Alanine aminotransferase - U/L | 42.59 (34.17) | 40.72 (121.47) | 0.8755 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase - U/L | 59.02 (76.76) | 42.69 (150.26) | 0.2768 |
| Bilirubin - mmol/L | 12.77 (7.36) | 9.63 (4.89) | <0·0001 |
| Creatine Kinase - U/L | 426.49 (1816.07) | 240.37 (125.51) | 0.0224 |
| Creatinine - μmol/L | 95.59 (108.63) | 73.66 (51.45) | 0.0017 |
| Urea Nitrogen - mmol/L | 7.61 (7.30) | 5.20 (9.68) | 0.0158 |
| D-dimer - mg/L | 306.18 (692.31) | 131.41 (476.43) | 0.0017 |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time - s | 42.63 (9.66) | 40.08 (5.70) | 0.0003 |
| Prothrombin time - s | 14.80 (6.90) | 14.18 (2.22) | 0.0945 |
Footnote: IQR: interquartile range.