Table 1. Descriptive Characteristics of Included Data.
| Study | Diagnostic Group | Schizophrenia/Other | Age, Mean (SD), Years | Count | HABs | MABs | Men | Women | PANSS-T, Mean (SD) | PANSS-P, Mean (SD) | PANSS-N, Mean (SD) | DOI Mean (SD), Months | Drug Freea/Total | Radioligand | Original Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bloomfield et al. (22) | HCs | – | 46.21 (13.62) | 14 | 14 | 0 | 11 | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | [11C]PBR28 | N.S. |
| Pat | 12/0 | 47.00 (9.31) | 12 | 12 | 0b | 9 | 3 | 63.7 (18.1) | 17.0 (6.1) | 14.1 (4.0) | 108.9 (46.7) | 0/12 | |||
| Collste et al. (23) | HCs | – | 26.38 (8.44) | 16 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | [11C]PBR28 | ↓Pat |
| Pat | 4/12d | 28.50 (8.37) | 16 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 5 | 77.4 (18.3) | 20.3 (4.9) | 18.1 (7.0) | 7.9 (9.6) | 16/16 | |||
| Coughlin et al. (24) | HCs | – | 25.36 (4.89) | 14 | 9 | 5 | 9 | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | [11C]DPA173 | N.S. |
| Pat | 12/0 | 24.33 (3.28) | 12 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 3 | – | 13.8 (2.7)c | 15.8 (4.6)c | 25.0 (16.3) | 2/12 | |||
| Hafizi et al. (25)e | HCs | – | 27.17 (9.07) | 18 | 14 | 4 | 8 | 10 | – | – | – | – | – | [18F]FEPPA | N.S. |
| Pat | 15/4f | 27.53 (6.78) | 19 | 14 | 5 | 12 | 7 | 68.6 (13.0) | 19.2 (3.8) | 16.1 (6.1) | 33.6 (40.1) | 19/19 | |||
| Kenk et al. (26)e | HCs | – | 54.27 (9.51) | 15 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | [18F]FEPPA | N.S. |
| Pat | 16/0 | 42.50 (14.03) | 16 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 70.2 (9.7) | 19.3 (2.2) | 18.6 (5.0) | 177.3 (105.7) | 0/16 | |||
| All | HCs | – | 35.42 (15.12) | 77 | 56 | 21 | 42 | 35 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pat | 59/16 | 33.88 (12.57) | 75 | 52 | 23 | 51 | 24 | – | 18.2 (4.2) | 16.6 (5.5) | 72.1 (57.2) | 37/77 | |||
DOI, duration of illness; HABs, high-affinity binders; HCs, healthy control subjects; MABs, medium-affinity binders; N.S., nonsignificant; PANSS-N, PANSS–Negative score; PANSS-P, PANSS–Positive score; PANSS-T, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale–Total score; Pat, participants with psychosis or schizophrenia; ↓Pat, lower total distribution volume in subjects with psychosis.
Drug-naive patients (n = 30) or patients not medicated with antipsychotics at the time of the positron emission tomography examinations (n = 7).
The 2 MAB subjects from the patient group were excluded from the hierarchal inferential analyses because Z-scoring within genotype was not meaningful.
PANSS-P score converted from Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms score, and PANSS-N score converted from Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms score, using van Erp et al. (74).
Other diagnoses: 7 schizophreniform disorder, 4 psychosis not otherwise specified, and 1 brief psychosis.
The 14 HCs shared across the Kenk et al. (26) and Hafizi et al. (25) studies have been uniquely assigned to either one of the studies. Assignment was done as to best match the patient groups based on count, genotype, gender, and age.
Other diagnoses: 3 schizophreniform and 1 delusional disorder.