Table 3.

Multivariate associations of factors with geophagy among HIV–infected pregnant women

Variable	Adjusted prevalence ratio (95% CI)*	P value
Marital status
Married, monogamous	1.00
Married, polygamous	1.24 (0.88, 1.75)	0.22
Cohabiting	1.29 (1.04, 1.59)	0.018
Single, widowed, divorced	1.09 (0.82, 1.47)	0.54
Occupation
No outside employment	1.00
Professional, small business or other	0.77 (0.62, 0.96)	0.020
Number of people sharing meals
≤ 5 people	1.00
> 5 people	1.25 (0.99, 1.59)	0.061
Gestational age at enrollment (weeks)
≤ 16	1.00
17–20	1.37 (1.00, 1.88)	0.053
21–24	1.54 (1.14, 2.09)	0.005
≥ 25	1.66 (1.11, 2.47)	0.013
Number of prior pregnancy
0	1.00
1–2	1.26 (1.02, 1.56)	0.032
≥ 3	1.06 (0.81, 1.39)	0.65
Hemoglobin (g/L)
< 85: severe anemia	1.75 (1.30, 2.36)	0.0002
85–109: moderate anemia	1.18 (0.88, 1.59)	0.26
≥ 110: normal	1.00
Erythrocyte morphology
Hypochromasia with microcytosis	1.59 (1.23, 2.06)	0.0004
Hypochromasia without microcytosis	1.34 (1.07, 1.67)	0.010
Other abnormality	1.26 (0.40, 3.95)	0.69
Normal	1.00
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)
< 30	1.00
30–60	1.27 (0.95, 1.68)	0.10
≥ 60	1.36 (1.04, 1.78)	0.0238
Malaria infection
Yes	0.61 (0.46, 0.80)	0.0004
No	1.00
Ascaris lumbricoides infection
Yes	1.81 (1.37, 2.40)	< 0.0001
No	1.00

^*From a multivariate binomial regression model. The basic multivariate model was adjusted for marital status, occupation, number of people sharing meals, gestational age at enrollment, number of prior pregnancies, hemoglobin, malaria infection, and A. lumbricoides infection. In separate models, hemoglobin was replaced by erythrocyte morphology or ESR, and entered into the multivariate model.

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; CI = confidence interval.