Table 3.
Mortality outcomes by gestational age and size at gestational age in the early neonatal, neonatal, and post-neonatal and infancy period
| Live birth | Early Neonatal (0–7 days) | Neonatal (0–28 days) | Post-neonatal (29–365 days) | Infant (0–12 months) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death | Adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]a,b | Death | Adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]a,b | Deaths | Adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]a,b | Deaths | Adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]a,b | ||
| All infants | 7225 | 169 | 184 | 108 | 291 | ||||
| Gestational age | |||||||||
| Term (≥37 weeks) | 6136 | 123 | 1.0 (Reference] | 132 | 1.0 [Reference] | 75 | 1.0 [Reference] | 206 | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Late preterm (34 to <37 weeks) | 811 | 21 | 1.8 [1.2, 2.9] | 24 | 2.0 [1.3, 3.2] | 15 | 1.5 [0.9, 2.7] | 39 | 1.9 [1.3, 2.7] |
| Early preterm (<34 weeks) | 278 | 25 | 6.9 [4.4, 10.9] | 28 | 7.6 [4.9, 11.6] | 18 | 5.8 [3.4, 10.1] | 46 | 6.9 [4.9, 9.7] |
| Size at gestational age | |||||||||
| AGA (birthweight >10%) | 5644 | 105 | 1.0 [Reference] | 112 | 1.0 [Reference] | 85 | 1.0 [Reference] | 197 | 1.0 [Reference] |
| Moderate SGA (birthweight 3–<10%) | 968 | 26 | 1.8 [1.1, 2.8] | 29 | 1.9 [1.2, 2.9] | 14 | 1.1 [0.6, 1.9] | 43 | 1.5 [1.1, 2.2] |
| Severe SGA (birthweight <3%) | 613 | 38 | 4.2 [2.8, 6.2] | 42 | 4.4 [2.9, 6.5] | 9 | 0.9 [0.5, 1.9] | 51 | 2.9 [2.1, 4.0] |
Hazard ratios and 95% CI were obtained from Cox proportional hazards models.
Adjusted for maternal age (<20, 20–24, 25–29, and ≥30 years), BMI [< 18.5, 18.6–24.99, 25–29.99, and >30 kg/m2), height (<145, 145–149, 150–154, and ≥155 cm), hemoglobin level (<8.5, 8.5–11, and ≥11 g/dl), marital status (married, cohabiting, poly married, and unmarried), parity (0, 1, 2, and ≥3), maternal smoking (ever and never smoker), maternal education (0–4, 5–7, 8–11, and ≥12 years), household possession (0, 1–3, and ≥3), and multivitamin intake (iron and folate only, multivitamin with iron and folate).
AGA, appropriate for gestational age; SGA, small for gestational age.