Figure 4.

Foe pathways. During severe hypoxia, the foe role of HIF-1α is increasingly reinforced as the oxygen tension gradually decreases. HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; IL, interleukin; PHD3, prolyl hydroxylase 3; INF-1, eukaryotic initiation factor 4A; MMPS, matrix metalloproteinases; ADAMTS, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs; ECM, extracellular matrix; BNIP3, BCL2 interacting protein 3; MDM2, mouse double minute 2 homolog; NFKβ, nuclear factor κβ; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; CEC, cartilage endplate calcification.