Table 1.
Household descriptive statisticsa (N = 2790)
| Variables | Definition | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SDb) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Health expenditure per month | Continuous variable | 34 (109) | 62 (273) | 77 (301) |
| Total expenditure | Continuous variable | 314 (357) | 404 (693) | 448 (709) |
| Non-food expenditure | Continuous variable | 144 (219) | 213 (518) | 250 (593) |
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Household member age above 75 | 0.16 (0.36) | 0.23 (0.42) | 0.30 (0.46) | |
| Marriage | 0 = No spouse 1 = With spouse | 0.70 (0.46) | 0.65 (0.47) | 0.65 (0.48) |
| Enabling factors | ||||
| Household size | Continuous variable | 2.54 (1.83) | 4.28 (1.58) | 2.38 (1.20) |
| Economic status | 1 = Poorest 2 = Poor 3 = Average 4 = Richer 5 = Richest | 2.57 (1.39) | 2.50 (1.36) | 2.37 (1.35) |
| Insurance typec | 0 = NI 1 = UEBMI 2 = UBMI 3 = OI | 1.81 (0.51) | 1.80 (0.49) | 1.84 (0.40) |
| Area | 0 = Urban 1 = Rural | 0.67 (0.49) | 0.67 (0.47) | 0.67 (0.47) |
| Zone | 0 = Eastern 1 = Middle 2 = Western | 1.14 (0.80) | 1.14 (0.80) | 1.14 (0.80) |
| Need factors | ||||
| Inpatient or not | 0 = No 1 = Yes | 0.15 (0.36) | 0.22 (0.36) | 0.26 (0.44) |
| Chronic disease or not | 0 = No 1 = Yes | 0.83 (0.37) | 0.83 (0.38) | 0.87 (0.34) |
| Disability or not | 0 = No 1 = Yes | 0.30 (0.46) | 0.45 (0.50) | 0.46 (0.50) |
| Outpatient or not | 0 = No 1 = Yes | 0.30 (0.46) | 0.32 (0.47) | 0.30 (0.46) |
Note: (a) Sorting was performed according to the CHARLS survey data; (b) The standard deviation is shown in parentheses; (c) Abbreviations: NI, no insurance; UEBMI, Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance; UBMI, Unified Basic Medical Insurance for urban residents without formal employment and rural residents; OI, other insurance