Table 2.
Outcomes of the treatment.
| Characteristic | Total(N = 208) | Ribavirin (N = 68) | Ribavirin + Interferon (N = 29) | Ribavirin + Lopinavir/Ritonavir (N = 26) | No Ribavirin (N = 140) | P Valuea | P Valueb | P Valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time to clinical improvement — median no. of days (IQR) | 22(19,28) | 22(19,28) | 27(19,28) | 23(19,28) | 22(19,28) | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.48 |
| Score on seven-category scale at day 7 — no. of patients (%) | 0.14 | 0.47 | 0.08 | |||||
| 2: Not hospitalized, but unable to resumenormal activities | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | |||
| 3: Hospitalization, not requiring supplemental oxygen | 25(12.0) | 5(7.4) | 3(10.3) | 2(7.7) | 20(14.3) | |||
| 4: Hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen | 130(62.5) | 43(63.2) | 18(62.1) | 14(53.8) | 87(62.1) | |||
| 5: Hospitalization, requiring HFNC ornoninvasive mechanical ventilation | 40(19.2) | 14(20.6) | 5(17.2) | 6(23.1) | 26(18.6) | |||
| 6: Hospitalization, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both | 11(5.3) | 6(8.8) | 3(10.3) | 4(15.4) | 5(3.6) | |||
| 7: Death | 2(1.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 2(1.4) | |||
| Score on seven-category scale at day 14 — no. of patients (%) | ||||||||
| 2: Not hospitalized, but unable to resumenormal activities | 20(9.6) | 9(13.2) | 3(10.3) | 4(15.4) | 11(7.9) | 0.79 | 0.75 | 0.51 |
| 3: Hospitalization, not requiring supple-mental oxygen | 39(18.8) | 9(13.2) | 4(13.8) | 2(7.7) | 30(21.4) | |||
| 4: Hospitalization, requiring supplemental oxygen | 102(49.0) | 33(48.5) | 15(51.7) | 12(46.2) | 69(49.3) | |||
| 5: Hospitalization, requiring HFNC ornoninvasive mechanical ventilation | 13(6.2) | 4(5.9) | 2(6.9) | 1(3.8) | 9(6.4) | |||
| 6: Hospitalization, requiring ECMO, invasive mechanical ventilation, or both | 15(7.2) | 9(13.2) | 4(13.8) | 6(23.1) | 6(4.3) | |||
| 7: Death | 19(9.1) | 4(5.9) | 1(3.4) | 1(3.8) | 15(10.7) | |||
| Time to SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative — median no. of days (IQR) | 10(7,14) | 10(7,13) | 13(10,16) | 13(9,14) | 10(7,15) | 0.53 | 0.76 | 0.26 |
| SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative — no. (%) | 167(80.3) | 52(76.5) | 23(79.3) | 18(69.2) | 115(82.1) | 0.25 | 0.72 | 0.27 |
| Day 7 | 46(27.5) | 14(26.9) | 4(17.4) | 3(16.7) | 32(27.8) | 0.71 | 0.28 | 0.19 |
| Day 14 | 130(82.8) | 45(86.5) | 16(69.6) | 16(88.9) | 85(73.9) | 0.44 | 0.58 | 0.94 |
| Day 28 | 166(99.4) | 51(98.1) | 22(95.6) | 18(100.0) | 115(100.0) | 0.23 | 0.43 | 0.24 |
| Time from admission to death — medianno. of days (IQR) | 16(11,20) | 20(16,23) | 18(16,20) | 20(19,23) | 14(11,17) | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.05 |
| Mortality — no. (%) | 41(19.7) | 16(23.5) | 6(20.7) | 8(30.8) | 25(17.9) | 0.25 | 0.72 | 0.27 |
| Day 7 | 2(4.9) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 2(8.0) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Day 14 | 19(46.3) | 4(25.0) | 1(16.7) | 1(14.3) | 15(60.0) | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.47 |
| Day 28 | 40(97.6) | 15(93.8) | 6(100.0) | 7(100.0) | 25(100.0) | 0.47 | 0.72 | 0.59 |
| Hospital stay — median no. of days (IQR) | 20(16,24) | 20(17,23) | 20(18,27) | 20(17,23) | 20(16,24) | 0.41 | 0.14 | 0.77 |
| Clinical symptoms During inpatient | ||||||||
| Fiver-no. (%) | 33(15.9) | 11(16.2) | 6(20.7) | 2(7.7) | 22(15.7) | 0.93 | 0.51 | 0.28 |
| Cough-no. (%) | 120(57.7) | 38(55.9) | 17(58.6) | 12(46.2) | 82(58.6) | 0.71 | 0.99 | 0.24 |
| Expectoration -no. (%) | 57(27.4) | 13(19.1) | 4(13.8) | 5(19.2) | 44(31.4) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.21 |
| Dyspnea-no. (%) | 90(43.3) | 29(42.6) | 8(27.6) | 10(38.5) | 61(43.6) | 0.90 | 0.11 | 0.63 |
| Diarrhea-no. (%) | 16(7.7) | 6(8.8) | 2(6.9) | 4(8.2) | 10(7.1) | 0.67 | 0.96 | 0.16 |
a
The ribavirin group compared with the no ribavirin group.
b
The ribavirin + interferon group compared with the no ribavirin group.
c
The ribavirin + lopinavir/ritonavir group compared with the no ribavirin group.