Table 2.
Biomarkers, left ventricular abnormalities and outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
| Author | Biomarkers and Left Ventricular Abnormalities | Left Ventricular Abnormalities and Outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| Dweck et al. [10] | Troponin elevation predicted LV abnormalities on the echocardiogram: OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.13–2.53. BNP elevation predicted LV abnormalities on the echocardiogram: OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.75–5.05. |
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| Jain et al. [12] | Inverse correlation hs-cTn and LVEF: rho = –0.34; p=0.006. Trend towards an inverse correlation NT-proBNP and LVEF: rho = –0.29; p=0.056 |
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| Szekely et al. [11] | Correlation Troponin-I and E/e’: rho=0.45; p=0.0001. Inverse correlation between BNP and SV, CO: rho= –0.43; p=0.0001 and rho= –0.21; p=0.04, respectively. Correlation between BNP and E/e’: rho=0.38; p=0.0001. Inverse correlation CRP and SV: rho= –0.22; p=0.03. Correlation CRP and E/e’: rho=0.87; p=0.0001. |
Low LVEF associated with clinical deterioration and mortality: OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–8.1 for 10% difference and OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.01–8.1; p=0.04 for 10% difference, respectively. Elevated E/e’ associated with mortality: OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.2; p=0.03. |
| Van den Heuvel et al. [16] | No difference between patients with Troponin-T >14 ng/L or ≤14 ng/L and LVEF or GLS: p=0.15 and p=0.20, respectively. No difference between patients with NT-proBNP >300 pg/L or ≤300 pg/L and LVEF or GLS: p=0.62 and p=0.53, respectively. |
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| Rath et al. [17] | Inverse correlation Troponin-I and NT-proBNP and LVEF: rho= –0.367; p<0.001 and rho= –0.485; p<0.001, respectively. | LVEF independently associated with mortality: HR, 12.19; 95% CI, 2.87–51.83; p=0.001. |
| Baycan et al. [26] | Correlation between elevated hs-cTn and D-dimer and impaired LV GLS; p=0.001. | Impaired LV GLS associated with higher risk of death: OR, 1.635; p=0.010 and for a GLS >–15.20 OR, 8.342; p<0.001. A cut-off value of >–15.20% had an area under the curve of 0.83 with a sensibility of 77% and specificity of 75% for prediction of mortality. |
Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; hs-cTn, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; NT-proBNP, N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; CRP, C-reactive protein; GLS, global longitudinal strain; HR, hazard ratio.