Table 1.
Diagnoses of autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a total population of school‐age children with cerebral palsy (CP)
| Total, n | Autism only, n (%) | Autism+ADHD, n (%) | ADHD only, n (%) | None, n (%) | Autism total, n (%) | ADHD total, n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 200 | 30 (15) | 29 (14) | 31 (16) | 110 (55) | 59 (30) | 60 (30) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Males | 109 | 20 (18) | 17 (16) | 16 (15) | 56 (51) | 37 (34) | 33 (30) |
| Females | 91 | 10 (11) | 12 (13) | 15 (17) | 54 (59) | 22 (24) | 27 (30) |
| Gestational age, wks | |||||||
| 23–27 | 20 | 4 (20) | 7 (35) | 4 (20) | 5 (25) | 11 (55) | 11 (55) |
| 28–31 | 22 | 5 (23) | 2 (9) | 2 (9) | 13 (59) | 7 (32) | 4 (18) |
| 32–36 | 35 | 6 (17) | 4 (11) | 3 (9) | 22 (63) | 10 (29) | 7 (20) |
| 37–42 | 123 | 15 (12) | 16 (13) | 22 (18) | 70 (57) | 31 (25) | 38 (31) |
| CP type | |||||||
| Unilateral spastic CP | 82 | 7 (9) | 11 (13) | 17 (21) | 47 (57) | 18 (22) | 28 (34) |
| Bilateral spastic CP | 73 | 16 (22) | 9 (12) | 7 (10) | 41 (56) | 25 (34) | 16 (22) |
| Dyskinetic CP | 31 | 6 (19) | 3 (10) | 5 (16) | 17 (55) | 9 (29) | 8 (26) |
| Ataxic CP | 14 | 1 (7) | 6 (43) | 2 (14) | 5 (36) | 7 (50) | 8 (57) |
| GMFCS level | |||||||
| I | 101 | 9 (9) | 11 (11) | 20 (20) | 61 (60) | 20 (20) | 31 (31) |
| II | 33 | 5 (15) | 10 (30) | 3 (9) | 15 (46) | 15 (45) | 13 (39) |
| III | 18 | 3 (17) | 3 (17) | 4 (22) | 8 (44) | 6 (33) | 7 (39) |
| IV | 29 | 8 (28) | 4 (14) | 3 (10) | 14 (48) | 12 (41) | 7 (24) |
| V | 19 | 5 (27) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 12 (63) | 6 (32) | 2 (11) |
| Visual impairment | |||||||
| No | 170 | 20 (12) | 26 (15) | 31 (18) | 93 (55) | 46 (27) | 57 (34) |
| Yes | 30 | 10 (33) | 3 (10) | 0 (0) | 17 (57) | 13 (43) | 3 (10) |
| Intellectual level | |||||||
| Normal | 79 | 6 (8) | 3 (4) | 13 (16) | 57 (72) | 9 (11) | 16 (20) |
| Borderline | 20 | 2 (10) | 4 (20) | 3 (15) | 11 (55) | 6 (30) | 7 (35) |
| Mild intellectual disability | 45 | 5 (11) | 12 (27) | 11 (24) | 17 (38) | 17 (38) | 23 (51) |
| Moderate intellectual disability | 20 | 4 (20) | 6 (30) | 4 (20) | 6 (30) | 10 (50) | 10 (50) |
| Severe intellectual disability | 20 | 7 (35) | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | 9 (45) | 11 (55) | 4 (20) |
| Profound intellectual disability | 16 | 6 (37) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10 (63) | 6 (38) | 0 (0) |
| Viking Speech Scale level | |||||||
| I | 97 | 10 (10) | 12 (12) | 16 (17) | 59 (61) | 22 (23) | 28 (29) |
| II | 49 | 8 (16) | 9 (19) | 8 (16) | 24 (49) | 17 (35) | 17 (35) |
| III | 16 | 0 (0) | 2 (12) | 6 (38) | 8 (50) | 2 (13) | 8 (50) |
| IV | 38 | 12 (31) | 6 (16) | 1 (3) | 19 (50) | 18 (47) | 7 (18) |
| Epilepsy | |||||||
| No | 125 | 14 (11) | 14 (11) | 20 (16) | 77 (62) | 28 (22) | 34 (27) |
| Active | 75 | 16 (21) | 15 (20) | 11 (15) | 33 (44) | 31 (41) | 26 (35) |
The results are shown in relation to sex, gestational age, CP type, gross motor function, and associated impairments. The percentages describe the proportion of the subgroups. GMFCS, Gross Motor Function Classification System.