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The pathogenesis cycle for UPEC consists of six stages: Stage 1) colonization of the periurethral areas and the urethra, Stage 2) movement of UPEC up the urethra, Stage 3) UPEC adherence, Stage 4) biofilm formation, Stage 5) epithelial cell invasion and formation of an intracellular bacterial population, and Stage 6) colonization of the urinary tract and kidneys by UPEC followed by entry into the blood stream.
