Table 2.
Factors associated with CACS ≥400 in hemodialysis patients (n = 173).
| Variables | Univariate analyses |
Multivariate analyses |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
||||||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age (years) | 1.06 | 1.03–1.09 | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.04–1.10 | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.04–1.10 | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.03–1.10 | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.04–1.10 | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 1.09 | 0.56–2.14 | 0.79 | 1.24 | 0.54–2.84 | 0.61 | 1.30 | 0.56–3.04 | 0.54 | 1.39 | 0.59–3.26 | 0.45 | 1.18 | 0.51–2.72 | 0.70 |
| Smoking | 1.22 | 0.66–2.27 | 0.52 | 1.04 | 0.49–2.21 | 0.92 | 1.10 | 0.51–2.37 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 0.53–2.49 | 0.73 | 1.01 | 0.47–2.17 | 0.98 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | 1.43 | 0.75–2.75 | 0.28 | 2.23 | 1.02–4.86 | <0.05 | 2.35 | 1.07–5.17 | <0.05 | 2.20 | 1.01–4.81 | <0.05 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.05 |
| Duration of dialysis (months) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.05 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.01 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.01 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.01 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.01 |
| Adjusted serum calcium (mg/dL) | 1.58 | 0.97–2.56 | 0.06 | 1.38 | 0.80–2.37 | 0.24 | 1.42 | 0.82–2.45 | 0.21 | 1.42 | 0.82–2.46 | 0.21 | 1.44 | 0.83–2.51 | 0.19 |
| Serum phosphate (mg/dL) | 1.10 | 0.86–1.41 | 0.45 | 1.26 | 0.95–1.69 | 0.11 | 1.29 | 0.96–1.73 | 0.10 | 1.32 | 0.98–1.79 | 0.06 | 1.27 | 0.95–1.71 | 0.10 |
| Serum CRP (mg/dL) | 1.37 | 0.78–2.37 | 0.27 | 1.26 | 0.69–2.32 | 0.45 | 1.15 | 0.65–2.04 | 0.62 | 1.16 | 0.64–2.08 | 0.62 | 1.26 | 0.66–2.42 | 0.49 |
| Erythropoietin responsiveness index | 1.01 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.76 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.95–1.03 | 0.72 |
| TSAT ≥ 21% | 0.46 | 0.24–0.90 | <0.05 | 0.46 | 0.22–0.96 | <0.05 | |||||||||
| Fe ≥ 72 (µg/dL) | 0.47 | 0.25–0.89 | <0.05 | 0.51 | 0.24–1.07 | 0.08 | |||||||||
| Ferritin ≥ 155 (ng/mL) | 0.63 | 0.21–1.84 | 0.39 | 0.42 | 0.11–1.61 | 0.21 | |||||||||
| Log serum intact FGF23 (pg/mL) | 0.95 | 0.62–1.45 | 0.81 | ||||||||||||
| Dose of ESA (unit/week) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.15 | ||||||||||||
| Dose of oral iron (mg/day) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.42 | ||||||||||||
CACS: coronary artery calcification score; CRP: C-reactive protein; TSAT: transferrin saturation; Fe: serum iron; ferritin: serum ferritin; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23; ESA: erythropoiesis stimulating agent; Erythropoietin responsiveness index (unit/kg/g/dL) was defined as the average weekly ESA dose divided by dry weight and average blood hemoglobin (weekly ESA dose (units)/dry weight (kg)/hemoglobin (g/dL).
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval, For continuous variables, the ORs were computed per unit increase.