Table 3.
Predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients, according to Cox proportional hazard analysis (n = 173).
| Variables | Univariate analyses |
Multivariate analyses |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
||||||||||||
| HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | HR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age (years) | 1.10 | 1.07–1.13 | <0.0001 | 1.07 | 1.03–1.11 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 1.03–1.10 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 1.03–1.10 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 1.03–1.10 | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 1.11 | 0.62–1.90 | 0.73 | 1.13 | 0.61–2.17 | 0.70 | 1.06 | 0.56–2.03 | 0.87 | 1.11 | 0.59–2.13 | 0.75 | 1.20 | 0.64–2.32 | 0.57 |
| Smoking | 1.69 | 1.00–2.92 | 0.05 | 1.23 | 0.65–2.36 | 0.53 | 1.24 | 0.64–2.42 | 0.52 | 1.35 | 0.71–2.72 | 0.34 | 1.39 | 0.72–2.74 | 0.33 |
| Presence of diabetes mellitus | 1.58 | 0.93–2.65 | 0.09 | 1.32 | 0.69–2.53 | 0.40 | 1.38 | 0.71–2.64 | 0.34 | 1.35 | 0.70–2.57 | 0.35 | 1.15 | 0.59–2.20 | 0.68 |
| Duration of dialysis (months) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | <0.05 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.32 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.19 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.14 |
| CACS | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.0001 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.0001 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.001 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.0001 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 0.18 | 0.10–0.35 | <0.0001 | 0.59 | 0.28–1.25 | 0.17 | 0.58 | 0.27–1.28 | 0.17 | 0.73 | 0.33–1.62 | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.24–1.19 | 0.13 |
| Serum CRP (g/dL) | 1.76 | 1.33–2.19 | <0.0001 | 1.65 | 1.23–2.23 | <0.001 | 1.70 | 1.21–2.28 | <0.01 | 1.64 | 1.15–2.21 | <0.01 | 1.72 | 1.22–2.32 | <0.01 |
| Log serum intact FGF23 (pg/mL) | 0.56 | 0.39–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.89 | 0.60–1.33 | 0.57 | 0.90 | 0.60–1.35 | 0.62 | 0.85 | 0.56–1.27 | 0.42 | 0.85 | 0.57–1.25 | 0.39 |
| Erythropoietin Responsiveness Index | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | <0.01 | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | <0.01 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | <0.01 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.06 | <0.01 | 1.05 | 1.02–1.08 | <0.001 |
| Dose of calcium carbonate (g/day) | 0.74 | 0.61–0.88 | <0.01 | 0.82 | 0.66–1.00 | <0.05 | 0.80 | 0.64–0.98 | <0.05 | 0.81 | 0.65–0.99 | <0.05 | 0.81 | 0.65–0.98 | <0.05 |
| TSAT ≥ 17% | 0.61 | 0.36–1.05 | 0.07 | 0.54 | 0.31–0.95 | <0.05 | |||||||||
| Fe ≥ 63 (µg/dL) | 0.57 | 0.33–0.96 | <0.05 | 0.53 | 0.29–0.94 | <0.05 | |||||||||
| Ferritin ≥ 200 (ng/mL) | 0.84 | 0.35–2.79 | 0.75 | 0.24 | 0.05–0.80 | <0.05 | |||||||||
| Oral or intravenous iron use | 0.70 | 0.42–1.20 | 0.19 | ||||||||||||
| Dose of oral iron (mg/week) | 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | 0.30 | ||||||||||||
| RAS inhibitors use | 0.72 | 0.43–1.22 | 0.21 | ||||||||||||
| Statin use | 1.76 | 0.61–4.01 | 0.26 | ||||||||||||
| Dose of ESA (unit/week) | 1.01 | 1.00–1.01 | <0.01 | ||||||||||||
CACS: coronary artery calcification score; CRP: C-reactive protein; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23; ESA: erythropoiesis stimulating agent; Erythropoietin responsiveness index (unit/kg/g/dL) was defined as the average weekly ESA dose divided by dry weight and average blood hemoglobin (weekly ESA dose (units)/dry weight (kg)/hemoglobin (g/dL). TSAT: transferrin saturation; Fe: serum iron; Ferritin: serum ferritin; RAS: renin-angiotensin system; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval. For continuous variables, the HRs were computed per unit increase.