Table 4.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (degrees of freedom, df; F value statistic, F; P value, P) and analysis of deviance (degrees of freedom, df; chi‐square statistic, χ ²; P value, P) results from linear mixed models

	Mortality after 7 days of Bt‐treated + 7 subsequent days of non‐Bt food + 7 days box			Weight after 7 days of Bt‐treated food			Weight after 7 subsequent days of non‐Bt food
	df	χ2	P	df	F	P	df	F	P
Treatment	6	54.52	<0.0001	6, 269	3.18	0.004	6, 269	12.95	<0.0001
Contrasts	df	z	P	df	t	P	df	t	P
C vs BL	NA	1.75	0.31	10.2	0.36	0.98	8.19	0.51	0.96
C vs BH	NA	3.34	0.004	10.2	−0.20	0.99	8.19	−0.07	0.99
C vs VL	NA	7.82	<0.0001	10.2	−1.63	0.43	8.19	−3.47	0.03
C vs VH	NA	13.87	<0.0001	10.2	−2.66	0.09	8.19	−6.57	0.0008
C vs NL	NA	3.82	0.0008	10.2	0.83	0.85	8.19	−0.36	0.98
C vs NH	NA	4.35	0.0001	10.2	−1.55	0.47	8.19	−2.19	0.22

These models examined the effect of treatment [control (C); Bt galleriae formulation low and high concentration (BL, BH); Bt israelensis (VL, VH); Bt tenebrionis (NL, NH)] on total mortality (14 experimental days + 7 days exposed to non‐Bt treated food in boxes) and pine weevil weight (grams) after Hylobius abietis was exposed to 7 days of Bt‐treated food and 7 subsequent days to non‐Bt treated food (stem pieces of Picea abies). Pairwise comparisons (using Dunnett adjustment; t ratio, t or z ratio, z) examine differences between each treatment and the control group. For contrasts examining differences in mortality, no degrees of freedom can be calculated (NA in table). Significant effects (P < 0.05) are shown in bold.