Table 4.

Results of univariate regression analyses of factors associated with depression and generalized anxiety in Japanese medical students.

Dependent variable and independent variables			Odds ratio (95% CI)a		P value
Depression (n=75), PHQ-9b score ≥10
	Female vs male		1.08 (0.58-2.01)		.81
	Age		1.06 (0.96-1.16)		.45
	Concerned about the followingc:
		Future career formation		1.40 (0.85-2.30)		.18
		Attenuated relationship to teachers		1.46 (0.85-2.50)		.17
		Disruption of ongoing research or extracurricular activities		0.81 (0.50-1.33)		.41
		Shift toward online education		1.97 (1.19-3.28)		.009
	Would request the following:
		Financial aid		0.92 (0.55-1.53)		.74
		Food aid		1.99 (1.16-3.44)		.01
		Mental health care resources		3.56 (2.07-6.15)		<.001
Anxiety (n=34), GAD-7d score ≥10
	Female vs male		0.81 (0.37-1.74)		.58
	Age		0.96 (0.85-1.09)		.57
	Concerned about the followingc:
		Future career formation		0.75 (0.36-1.58)		.45
		Attenuated relationship to teachers		1.43 (0.68-3.03)		.35
		Disruption of ongoing research or extracurricular activities		0.53 (0.26-1.09)		.09
		Shift toward online education		1.50 (0.73-3.10)		.27
	Would request the following:
		Financial aid		1.25 (0.59-2.62)		.56
		Food aid		2.50 (1.21-5.20)		.01
		Mental health care resources		3.16 (1.51-6.59)		.002

^aUnivariate regression analysis was performed for each dependent variable.

^bPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

^cParticipants who answered very concerned or concerned in the respective survey entries listed in Table 2 were considered the positive concerns group. On the other hand, those who answered neutral, not concerned, or not at all concerned were considered the no concerns group in this analysis.

^dGAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale.