Optical layout of the multi-wavelength adaptive optics vision simulation (AOSIM) system. The wavefront beacon was introduced into the eye by a pellicle beamsplitter (BS). The backscattered light was relayed to the deformable mirror (DM) and the wavefront sensor camera (WFS) by several afocal telescopes. The custom visual display consisted of a digital micrometer device (DMD) and two LEDs centered at 532 nm and at 661 nm combined together via a long-pass filter (LP). Example isochromatic grating stimuli are shown. The stimuli light was coupled into the wavefront sensing/correction path through a cold mirror. The artificial pupil (AP) ensured the vision testing was performed through a controllable 6 mm pupil. L, lens; M, mirror; LP, long-pass filter; BS, beamsplitter; DM, deformable mirror; WFS, wavefront sensor; SLD, superluminescent diode; DMD, digital micrometer device; P, pupil plane; R, retinal plane; AP, artificial pupil.