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. 2020 Dec 18;32(1):9–31. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050697

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

S1P receptor signaling regulates downstream signaling pathways important for vascular integrity, the egress of immune cells, and cell migration. S1PR1 couples exclusively with the inhibitory Gαi; S1PR2 and S1PR3 bind to Gαi, Gαq, and Gα12/13; whereas S1PR4 and S1PR5 couple with Gαi and Gα12/13 subunits. S1PR coupling to these G proteins is followed by receptor activation and signal transduction leading to the activation of many downstream signaling pathways important in the maintenance of vascular integrity, the egress of immune cells, and cell migration. AKT, AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) kinase; Ca2+, calcium; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; OPC, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PLA2, phospholipase A2; PLC, phospholipase C; TRPV1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1.