Figure 5.

Differential iS1P and eS1P signaling in renal cells is associated with different types of kidney disease. Green arrows indicate repression, and red arrows indicate activation of gene expression. ABCC1, ATP-binding cassette transporter C1; CER, ceramide; CS, ceramide synthase; HD, hexadecenal; MFSD2B, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2B; r-AAV, renal ANCA–associated vasculitis; RI-KI, radiation-induced kidney injury; SPNS2, sphingolipid transporter 2; SGPL1, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1; SPH, sphingosine; SPHK, sphingosine kinase; SPP, sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase; S1PR, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor.