Table 3. Predictors of antenatal care utilization among women of reproductive age group (n = 682) in Hawassa HDSS, South Ethiopia, in 2019.

Variables	Category	Antenatal utilization		COR	AOR
		Yes	No
Wealth index	Poorest	84	59	Ref.	Ref.
	Poor	67	58	1.23 (0.75, 2.0)	0.94 (0.53, 1.64)
	Middle	136	20	0.2 (0.12, 0.37)*	0.09 (0.04, 0.19)**
	Richer	48	27	0.8 (0.45, 1.42)	0.47 (0.20, 1.08)
	Richest	136	47	0.5(0.30, 0.78)*	0.17 (0.07, 0.42)**
Formal maternal education	Yes	413	137	3.85 (2.59, 5.7)*	4.72 (2.82, 7.90)**
	No	58	74	Ref.	Ref.
Model household Training	Yes	333	55	6.84(4.75, 9.86)*	8.52(5.52,13.15)**
	No	138	156	Ref.	Ref.
Road accessibility	Yes	406	196	0.48(0.27, 0.86)*	0.57 (0.27, 1.22)
	No	65	15	Ref.	Ref.
Media access	Yes	259	141	0.61(0.43, 0.85)*	0.69 (0.36, 1.34)
	No	212	70	Ref.	Ref.
Current pregnancy planned	Yes	448	180	3.36 (1.90,5.91)*	3.65 (1.67, 8.01)**
	No	23	31	Ref.	Ref.
Information about antenatal care	Yes	427	170	2.34(1.47, 3.71)*	1.43 (0.67, 3.05)
	No	44	41	Ref.	Ref.
Counseled about danger sign	Yes	361	145	1.49(1.04, 2.14)*	1.56 (0.86, 2.85)
	No	110	66	Ref.	Ref.

Key: Ref: Reference categories

*: P-value < 0.05 in binary logistic regression analysis

**: P-value < 0.01 in multivariable logistic regression analysis.