Table 1.
Respondent characteristics by year
| CWS staff characteristics | Time 1 (N = 223) | Time 3 (N = 231) | Time 5 (N = 188) | Comparison | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Mean years in child welfare | 13.5a | 6.7 | 14.8a,b | 6.9 | 15.5b | 8.4 | F2,636 = −3.96, p = .02 |
| Mean caseload (if applicable) | 16.0 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 18.1 | 15.7 | 19.3 | F2,443 = 0.01, p = .99 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Agency role | |||||||
| Director/Administrator | 6 | 2.7 | 7 | 3.0 | 10 | 5.3 | X2(6) = 11.87, p = .07 |
| Manager/Supervisor | 62 | 27.8 | 56 | 24.2 | 65 | 34.6 | |
| Caseworker/Clinical staff | 129 | 57.8 | 131 | 56.7 | 97 | 51.6 | |
| Other | 26 | 11.7 | 37 | 16.0 | 16 | 8.5 | |
| Child welfare sector (check all) | |||||||
| Intake & disposition (CPS) | 35 | 15.7 | 49 | 21.2 | 35 | 18.6 | X2(2) = 2.29, p = .32 |
| Intake & disposition (FAR) | 18 | 8.1 | 29 | 12.6 | 25 | 13.3 | X2(2) = 3.45, p = .18 |
| Ongoing services | 87 | 39.0 | 81 | 35.1 | 75 | 39.9 | X2(2) = 1.22, p = .54 |
| Area resource group | 16 | 7.2 | 14 | 6.1 | 12 | 6.4 | X2(2) = 0.24, p = .89 |
| Foster care and adoption services | 16 | 7.2 | 26 | 11.3 | 12 | 6.4 | X2(2) = 3.87, p = .14 |
| Administration & Quality improvement | 13 | 5.8 | 13 | 5.6 | 14 | 7.5 | X2(2) = 0.68, p = .71 |
| Child welfare facility | 21 | 9.4 | 17 | 7.4 | 25 | 13.3 | X2(2) = 4.19, p = .12 |
| Other | 42 | 18.8 | 39 | 16.9 | 26 | 13.8 | X2(2) = 1.85, p = .40 |
| Education | |||||||
| Doctoral (MD, Ph.D.) | 7 | 3.1 | 4 | 1.7 | 4 | 2.2 | X2(6) = 11.15, p = .08 |
| Licensed masters | 30 | 13.5 | 31 | 13.4 | 43 | 23.2 | |
| Masters | 79 | 35.4 | 83 | 35.9 | 52 | 28.1 | |
| Bachelors or lower | 107 | 48.0 | 113 | 48.9 | 86 | 46.5 | |
| Gender (Female) | 171 | 77.0 | 178 | 78.4 | 138 | 76.8 | X2(2) = 0.84, p = .66 |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| African American | 53 | 24.4 | 47 | 20.5 | 39 | 21.2 | X2(6) = 3.23, p = .78 |
| Caucasian | 124 | 57.1 | 129 | 56.3 | 111 | 60.3 | |
| Hispanic | 25 | 11.5 | 36 | 15.7 | 21 | 11.4 | |
| Other | 15 | 6.9 | 17 | 7.4 | 13 | 7.1 | |
CPS, child protective services; FAR, family assessment response.
Cells with different subscripts within row are statistically significantly different from one another (p < .05) based on pairwise post hoc comparisons.